Dr. Gladys Oluyemisi Latunde-Dada, Nigeria, Humboldt-Stipendiatin

Beiträge auf wissenschaftlichen Veranstaltungen

2nd Karlsruhe Nutrition Symposium  "Carotenoids:  Occurrence, Food Processing and Physiological Significance" Karlsruhe, 12.-14. Oktober 1997

Pool-Zobel, B.L.: DNA protective actions of carotenoids.

Klinisch Wissenschaftliches Seminar an der Klinik für Tumorbiologie, Freiburg 16. Oktober, 1997

Pool-Zobel, B.L.: Einfluss sekundärer Pflanzenstoffen auf die Tumorgenese - und promotion.

Annual Meeting of the Research Group on polyphenolic phytoprotectants, Loutraki, Greece October 17.- 20. 1997

Pool-Zobel, B.L.: Effects of lignans and isoflavonoids on endogenous levels of DNA single strand breaks and oxidised DNA bases in human colon cells.

Internationale Konferenz "Frauen-Leben und Krebs-Chancen für die Prävention" Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Frankfurt/Main L.O.F.T. Haus, 29. und 30. Oktober 1997

Pool-Zobel, B.L.: Rolle spezifischer Ernährungsfaktoren für das Tumorrisiko bei Frauen.

Bayrisches Ministerium, München 12. November, 1997

Pool-Zobel, B.L.: Prä und Probiotika - neue Helfer für die Gesundheit.

Fortbildungsveranstaltung der ländlich-hauswirtschaftlichen Beratung des Ministeriums für Wirtschaft, Verkehr, Landwirtschaft und Weinbau (Rheinland-Pfalz) und der Verbraucherzentrale Rheinland-Pfalz e.v., Emmelshausen, 2. Dezember, 1997

Pool-Zobel, B.L.: Probiotische Lebensmittel.

35. Wissenschaftlicher Kongreß der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährung e.v., Kiel, 19.-20. März, 1998

Pool-Zobel, B.L., A. Bub, U.M. Liegibel, S. Treptow-van Lishaut and G. Rechkemmer: Schutz vor DNA Schäden durch Verzehr von karotinoidhaltigen Gemüsesäften.

40. Fortbildungsveranstaltlung des VDD e.V., Meistersingerhalle Nürnberg, 11.-13. Mai, 1998

Pool-Zobel, B.L.: Phytohormone und ihre Bedeutung für die Krebsprophylaxe.

Foodjournalisten-Veranstaltung "Vom Saatgut zur Semmel", Verden/Aller, 3.-4. Juni 1998

Pool-Zobel, B.L.: Roggen, Weizen, Mehl und Brot als Krebsschutzfaktor.

"International Symposium on Probiotics and Prebiotics", Kiel, Germany, June 11-12, 1998

Pool-Zobel B.L.: Potential of pro- and prebiotics to prevent colon cancer by antigenotoxic and other mechanisms.

DFG - Symposium, "Carcinogenic/Anticarcinogenic Factors in Food: Novel Concepts?", University of Kaiserslautern, October 4. -7., 1998.

Pool-Zobel, B.L.: Anticarcinogenic factors in plant-derived food. - „European Research forwards safer and better food"

3rd Karlsruhe Nutrition Symposium, October 18.-22. 1998.

Pool-Zobel, B. L.: Phytoestrogens and Prevention of cancer

3. Karlsruher Ernährungstage "European Research Towards Safer and Better Food", Karlsruhe October 18-20, 1998

Delincée, H., B.L. Pool-Zobel and G. Rechkemmer: Genotoxicity of 2-Dodecylcyclobutanone.

DFG - Symposium, "Carcinogenic/Anticarcinogenic Factors in Food: Novel Concepts?" October 4th -7th, 1998, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany

Janzowski, C., V. Glaab, E. Samimi, J. Schlatter, B.L. Pool-Zobel and G. Eisenbrand: Food relevant alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds:  In vitro toxicity, genotoxic (mutagenic) effectiveness and reactivity towards glutathione.

Cancer Detection and Prevention, 22/Supplement 1, S- Presented at the "Predictive Oncology & Therapy.  Impact of Biotechnology on Cancer"  Nice, France 0ctober 24-27, 1998

Janzowski, C., V. Glaab, E. Samimi, J. Schlatter, B.L. Pool-Zobel and G. Eisenbrand: Genotoxic and mutagenic effectiveness of food relevant alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.

„Hebsttagung der Gesellschaft für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie" 27.-30. September, 1998, Jena, Germany

Liegibel, U.M., B.L. Pool-Zobel, S.L. Abrahamse and G. Rechkemmer: Detection of oxidative stress in human colon cells using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).

Liegibel, U.M., G. Rechkemmer and B.L. Pool-Zobel: Application of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to determine oxidative/antioxidative mechanisms within mammalian cells.

89th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 39, 641. 1998. Presented at the AACR Annual Meeting, March 28, April 1, 1998, New Orleans, LA

Pool-Zobel, B. L., Abrahamse, S. L., and Rechkemmer, G.: Cellular effects of phytohormones:  Modulation of oxidative DNA damage and signal transduction in human colon cancer cells.

Pool-Zobel, B.L., M. Glei, B. Spänkuch and G. Rechkemmer: Study on mechanisms by which carrot and tomato juice may reduce oxidative DNA-damages in vivo:  In vitro effects of all-trans-ßcarotene and lycopene.

"3rd European Symposium on the Health Benefits of Vegetables" Unilever Research Vlaardingen, The Netherlands, October 26-27, 1998

Pool-Zobel, B.L., S.L. Abrahamse and G. Rechkemmer: Phytoestrogens modulate oxidative DNA damage and induce signal transduction in human colon cancer cells.

Rechkemmer, G., S. Bub, S. Mittenzwei, H. Müller, B. Watzl and B.L. Pool-Zobel: Regular consumption of carotenoid-rich vegetable juices changes plasma and lipoprotein carotenoid concentrations, lipid peroxidation, immune functions and lymphocyte DNA-damage in healthy men

Meeting on Functional properties of non-digestible carbohydrates.  214. 1998. Nantes, France, Imprimerie Parenthèses. Profibre:  European Air Concerted Action AIR3CT94-2203

Pool-Zobel, B. L., Abrahamse, S. L., and Rechkemmer, G. Effect of different dietary carbohydrates on colon function:  Modulation of genotoxicity by short chain fatty acids.

International Conference on  Nutrition, Toronto, Canada, July 27-31, 1997

Rowland, I.R., C.J. Rumney and B.L. Pool-Zobel: Colonic microflora and GI function.

Watzl, B., G.M. Hänsch, C. Neudecker, B.L. Pool-Zobel and G. Rechkemmer: Mercuric chloride stimulates the antibody response in immunized Brown Norway rats.

 

Becker T.W., G. Krieger, I. Witte (1998) Different DNA Damaging Species as a Result of oxidation of n-butyraldehyde and iso-butyraldehyde by Cu(II). Free Rad. Res., 29, 25-34 

The isomers n- and iso-butyraldehyde (BuA) in combination with Cu(II) induced single and double strand breaks in PM2 DNA, whereas the aldehydes, or Cu(II) alone had only negligible effect. The DNA damage was the result of radical oxidations of the aldehydes under formation of Cu(I). Cu(I) formation was independent of molecular oxygen. Extensive DNA degradation was only observed in the presence of molecular oxygen. Characterization of DNA damage pointed to different ultimate DNA damaging species. While catalase and neocuproine inhibited strand break formation induced by iso-BuA/Cu(II) to a high degree, these inhibitors were less effective in the n-BuA/Cu(II) reaction. On the other hand, sodium azide showed a high strand break inhibition in the n-BuA/Cu(II) reaction, but low inhibition in the iso-BuA/Cu(II) reaction. 2-Deoxyguanosine was hydroxylated in the 8-position by iso-BuA/Cu(II) but little reaction occurred with n-BuA/Cu(H). Chemiluminescence was detected during both BuA/Cu(II) reactions, whereby the intensity of the luminescence signal was 3.5-fold higher for n-BuA/Cu(II) than for iso-BuA/Cu(II). We suppose that the copper(II)-driven oxidation of n- and iso-BuA proceeds via different pathways with different DNA damaging consequences. Whereas the oxidation of iso-BuA mainly results in damage by · OH-radicals, the oxidation of n-BuA may lead to a radical reaction chain whereby excited states are involved and the resulting DNA-damaging species are not · OH-radicals.

 

Delincée H. and Pool-Zobel B.L. (1998) Genotoxic properties of 2-dodecylcyclobutanone, a compound formed on irradiation of food containing fat. Radiat. Phys. Chem. Vol. 52, Nos 1 - 6, 39-42.

2-Alkylcylclobutanones seem to be radiation-specific components originating from fatty acids, and therefore an assessment of their potential health hazard – albeit a minimal risk – is advisabel. In an in vivo experiment two concentrations of 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-DCB), a compound having palmitic acid as its precursor, were given per gavage to rats. After 16 hours the rat colons were isolated, and the DNA damage determined in isolated colonocytes by the "Comet Assay". No cytotoxic effects as estimated by trypan blue exclusion were observed. Employing the tail moments of the comets as a quantitative parameter for DNA damge, no genotoxicitiy was observed at the lower level of 2-DCB concentration (1.12 mg DCB/kg bodyweight), similar values as for the negative control (2 % dimethylsulfoxide) were obtained. An increase in tail moment was found for the higher level (14.9 mg 2-DCB/kg bw), indicating an in vivo genotoxic effect at this high concentration. Also in in vitro experiments using rat and human colon cells a genotoxic effect at high concentrations of 2-DCB has been observed. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the relevancy ot these experiments for the actual human exposure to cyclobutanones.

 

Glei, M., Anke, M. (1988): Magnesium supply and metabolism in East Germany detected with the duplicate method: a follow up study. J. Trace and Microprobe Techniques 16, 2, 221-231.

Though magnesium (Mg) is ubiquitously spread, Mg deficiency symptoms in flora and fauna as well as in humans can occur under certain conditions. It is assumed that millions of people only have a marginal Mg supply. Our investigations aimed at determining the status of Mg supply of adults in Germany with the duplicate method. 188 women and men collected the complete duplicates of consumed foods and beverages on 7 subsequent days and put them at our disposal for analytical purposes. The investigations show that the Mg intake in Germany (276 mg/day in men and 214 mg/day in women) does not meet the recommendation to Mg intake (350 and 300 mg/day, respectively). The influence of age is shown and Mg excretion and Mg balance are presented.

 

Glei, M., Anke, M., Arnhold, W., Röhrig, B. (1998): Magnesium intakes and balances of adults consuming self-selected mixed or vegetarien diets. Trace Elements and Electrolytes 15, 3, 111-115.

Due to the great variation of Mg content in foodstuffs, different eating habits can have an essential effect on the Mg supply. Therefore, distinct differences between subjects with mixed diets and vegetarians must be expected. Our investigations aimed at registering the present level of Mg supply in Germans depending on the kind of diet and at drawing up an Mg balance. The investigations are based on 2 test teams, one with a vegetarian diet and the other with a mixed diet. Each group consisted of 10 men and 10 women, who collected the complete food duplicate as well as urine and feces on 7 consecutive days. The Mg analysis was carried out with ICP OES. Subjects with mixed diets took in 256 mg (women and 317 mg Mg/day (men) on the average of 7 days. Vegetarians took in 50 % more Mg. On an average, 33 % of the Mg taken in via food were renally excreted. Subjects with mixed diets excreted 95 mg (women) and 112 mg Mg/day (men) via urine. Vegetarians excreted 104 mg and 130 mg Mg/day renally. The Mg balance to be slightly negative or balanced. The Mg requirement of about 3 mg Mg/kg body weight was met in both test teams.

 

Pool-Zobel, B.L., A. Bub, H. Müller, I. Wollowski and G. Rechkemmer (1997) Consumption of vegetables reduces genetic damage in humans:  first results of an intervention trial with carotenoid-rich food. Carcinogenesis, 18, 1847-1830.

A human intervention study with vegetable products has been performed in twenty three healthy, non smoking males aged 27-40. It was the aim of the study to assess whether consumption of vegetables containing different carotenoids could protect against DNA damage and oxidative DNA damage. The subjects consumed their normal diets, but abstained from vegetables high in carotenoids throughout the study period. After a 2 week depletion period, they received daily 330 ml tomato juice with 40 mg lycopene (weeks 3 and 4), 330 ml carrot juice with 22.3 mg beta-carotene and 15.7 mg alpha-carotene (weeks 5 and 6), and 10 g dried spinach powder (in water or milk) with 11.3 mg lutein (weeks 7 and 8). Blood was collected weekly and DNA damage was detected in peripheral blood lymphocytes with the 'COMET' assay. Oxidised DNA bases were detected by including an incubation step with endonuclease III. The supplementation of the diet with tomato, carrot or spinach products resulted in a significant decrease in endogenous levels of strand breaks in lymphocyte DNA. Oxidative base damage was significantly reduced during the carrot juice intervention. These findings support the hypothesis that carotenoid containing plant products exert a cancer-protective effect via a decrease in oxidative and other damage to DNA in humans.

 

Pool-Zobel, B.L. and U. Leucht (1997) Induction of DNA damage in human colon cells derived from biopsies by suggested risk factors of colon cancer. Mutation Research, 375, 105-116.

In order to increase the understanding of the factors responsible for causing human colon cancer, a technique was developed to detect genotoxic effects of chemicals in human colon cells. Risk factors suspected to be associated with the aetiology of human colon cancer were subsequently investigated: the method is based on the measurement of DNA damage in primary cells freshly isolated from human colon biopsies with the single cell microgel ectrophoresis technique ('Comet Assay'). 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), 2-amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5f]quinoline (IQ), N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), dinitrosocaffeidine (DNC) lithocholic acid (LCA), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) were investigated for their genotoxic and cytotoxic effects following 30 min incubation with colon cells of human, and for comparative purposes also of the rat colon. The nitrosamides (MNNG, DNC) were very genotoxic in human colon cells. MNNG was more genotoxic in human than in rat colon cells. In contrast, the rat colon carcinogens PhIP and IQ were not genotoxic in human colon cells. PhIP did induce DNA damage in rat colon cells, which correlates to its capacity of inducing tumors in this animal tissue. LCA was toxic (rat > human) and concomitantly caused DNA damage in higher concentrations. The widespread contaminant B[a]P was not genotoxic in colon cells of either species using this system. H₂O₂ was found to be a potent genotoxic agent to both rat and human colon cells (human > rat). In summary, those compounds chosen as representatives of endogenously formed risk factors (MNNG, H₂O₂, LCA) have a higher toxic and/or genotoxic potency in human colon tissue than in rat colon. They are also more effective in this system than the contaminants tested so far (B[a]P, PhIP, IQ). The newly developed technique is rapid and yields relevant results. It is a novel and useful approach toassess different chemical compounds for genotoxic activities in tumour target tissues of the human.

 

Pool-Zobel B. L., Bub A., Liegibel U. M., Treptow-van Lishaut S., Rechkemmer G. (1998). Mechanisms by which vegetable consumption reduces genetic damage in humans. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention 7, 891-899.

A previous intervention study had shown that consumption of carotenoid-containing vegetable juices reduces oxidative DNA damage in lymphocytes of 23 male subjects. It was the aim of this study to elucidate the potential mechanisms involved. Specifically, we studied the modulation of protein expression and determined susceptibility factors. Cryopreserved lymphocytes from the study were analyzed for genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTP1, and GSTT1) using multiplex PCR, GSTP1-protein with an ELISA, total protein by a colorimetric enzyme reaction, and DNA-repair enzymes with the Comet Assay. Analyses of the genotoxicity data revealed a more steady state of protection for GSTM1*+ than for GSTM1*0 (15 and 8 of 23, respectively) genotypes. Increased expression of cytosolic protein was observed in 11 of 23 subjects, increased expression of GSTP1 in 6 of 23 subjects, and capacity of repair of oxidized DNA bases in 9 of 21 subjects. GSTP1 induction was independent of the GSTP1 genotype (GSTP1a or GSTP1b/c alleles). Kinetics of induction of cytosolic protein and of GSTP1 were compared in one GSTM1*+ and one GSTM1*0 subject and showed an efficacy of tomato and carrots, but not of spinach. Reduced genetic DNA damage in lymphocytes may be due to the enhancement of cytosolic GSTP1, and DNA-repair proteins by tomato and carrot juices. Enhancement of cytosolic proteins may be indicative of increased gene expression by vegetable juices, some of which may be associated with protective activities.

 

Scassellati-Sforzolini, G., R. Pasquini, M. Moretti, M. Villarini, C. Fatigoni, P. Dolara, G. Caderni, P. Schmezer, S. Monarca and B.L. Pool-Zobel (1997) In vivo studies on genotoxicity of pure and commercial linuron. Mutation Research 390, 207-221.

The ureic herbicide linuron [3-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea] (CAS 330-55-2) was investigated for genotoxicity in a series of in vivo experiments. Since human exposure to herbicides is not only to the active principles, but also to all the chemicals present in the commercial formulation, we tested both pure and commercial linuron. Groups of rats were treated with gavage containing different doses of the herbicide (pure compound or commercial formulation) for 14 days. The doses were 150, 300 and 450 mg/kg b.wt. for the pure compound and 315.8, 631.6 and 947.4 mg/kg b.wt. for the commercial formulation (47.5% of linuron). Faeces and urine were collected at regular intervals. Urine specimens were analysed for their mutagenic metabolites, thioethers and D-glucaric acid content. Faeces extracts were tested for mutagenicity. Linuron's ability to cause DNA damage and cytogenetic effects was also investigated after treating groups of rats once with different doses of pure or commercial linuron. DNA single-strand breaks were assessed in rat liver using the alkaline elution technique and the single-cell microgel electrophoresis assay (SCGE: 'comet' assay), and in rat testes cells with the SCGE assay. Micronuclei induction was analysed in rat bone marrow erythrocytes. Results obtained were mainly negative when the excretion of mutagenic metabolites in urine and faeces of animals treated with the pure compound or with the linuron-based commercial formulation were monitored, whereas an increase in the urinary excretion of thioethers and D-glucaric acid was observed in rats treated with the commercial formulation. No increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was observed in the treated animals. However, linuron affected the viability of hepatocytes isolated from animals treated with higher doses. This cytotoxicity was accompanied by the induction of DNA single-strand breaks in the liver, as seen by the alkaline elution assay. The potential of pure linuron to induce in vivo DNA damage was confirmed with the microgel-electrophoresis technique ('comet' assay). Cytotoxicity was also seen in rat testes cells. However, no indication of DNA damage was visible.

 

Schmezer P., Eckert C., Liegibel U. M., Zelezny O., Klein R. G. (1998). Mutagenic activity of carcinogens detected in transgenic rodent mutagenicity assays at dose levels used in chronic rodent cancer bioassays. Mutation Research 405, 193-198.

Data on transgenic rodent mutagenicity of five human carcinogens were summarised and compared with the results from rodent carcinogenicity studies. Four out of five carcinogens showed mutagenic activity already at daily dose levels which induced cancer in long-term rodent bioassays in at least one target tissue of carcinogenesis. In several of these studies, even single dose applications were sufficient to significantly increase the mutation frequency in vivo. Other genotoxic carcinogens required application of multiple dosing at dose-levels used in rodent cancer bioassays to show their in vivo mutagenicity. A rodent respiratory tract carcinogen, 1,2-dibromoethane (DBE), following inhalation exposure, displayed no mutagenic activity, neither in lung nor in nasal mucosa, at a single 2-h exposure to 30 ppm, which is below the highest concentration used in a NTP cancer bioassay. In contrast, after multiple treatment for 10 days at the same daily doses, a significant increase of the mutation frequency in nasal mucosa was apparent. We conclude, that especially when studying new chemicals in these transgenic rodent mutation assays, a multiple dosing protocol should be preferred. For dose selection, the same criteria could be applied as for chronic rodent bioassays.

 

Vöhringer, M.-L., T.W. Becker, G. Krieger, I. Witte (1998) Synergistic DNA damaging effects of malondialdehyde/Cu(II) in PM2 DNA and in human fibroblasts. Toxicology Letters, 94, .159-166

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a product of lipid peroxidation (LPO). In combination with CuCl₂ MDA induced single strand breaks in PM2 DNA whereas MDA or CuCl₂ alone had no effect. Cu(II) oxidized MDA by a radical mechanism under formation of Cu(I). DNA strand break induction was inhibited by catalase (98%), neocuproine (76%) and DMSO (61%). The synergistic damaging effect of MDA and Cu(II) was also demonstrated in human fibroblasts measured by alkaline elution. The combination MDA/CuCl₂ caused extensive DNA breakage while neither MDA nor CuCl₂ alone induced DNA damage within the cell. Synergistic cytotoxic effects were observed 18 h after a simultaneous treatment of the cells with MDA and CuCl₂ for 1 h.

 

Pool-Zobel, B.L. (1997) Rolle spezifischer Ernährungsfaktoren für das Tumorrisiko bei Frauen, Schwerpunktthema  "FrauenLeben und Krebs". FORUM 12, 586-589.

Ohne Kurzfassung

 

Pool-Zobel, B.L. (1997) Die Rolle von Prä- und Probiotika bei der Prävention von Dickdarmtumoren. In: Vitamine und Zusatzstoffe in der Ernährung von Mensch und Tier, edited by R. Schubert, G. Flachowsky, R. Bitsch, and G. Jahreis. Weimar: Buch und Kunstdruckerei Keßler GmbH, 62-69.

Probionten sind lebende Mikroorganismen, die Lebensmitteln zugesetzt werden und beim Verzehr einen gesundheitlichen Vorteil mit sich bringen, weil sie zur Aufrechterhaltung einer günstigen Darmflora führen. Prebionten sind dagegen Lebensmittelinhaltsttoffe, die unverdaut in den Darm gelangen und deshalb gesundheitsfördernd sind, weil sie dort zu einer selektiven Anreicherung, Zunahme oder erhöhten metabolischen Leistung einzelner Darmbakterien führen. Zu den positiven Darmbakterien gehören Milchsäure- bildende Bakterien (MSB). Ihnen werden Wirkungen zugeschrieben wie die Stärkung der Immunabwehr, Senkung des Cholesterinspiegels und antikanzerogene Wirkungen. Für das Beispiel der Krebsprävention durch MSB haben wir weitergehende Untersuchungen durchgeführt und überprüft ob MSB oder ihre Metabolite antigenotoxisch wirken können, wodurch die ersten Frühereignisse der Kanzerogenese gehemmt wären. Des weiteren haben wir für das Beispiel eines Prebionten in analoger Weise das synthetische Disaccharid, die Laktulose, untersucht. Die Überprüfung erfolgte an Rattendickdarmzellen in vivo. Gemessen wurde die Beeinflussung von DNA Schäden, ausgelöst durch Dimethylhydrazin und N-Methyl-N-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidin. Es zeigte sich, daß die wiederholte Applikation von L. acidophilus, L confusus, B. breve und B. longum signifikant antigenotoxisch im Dickdarm wirkten. Erhitzte L. acidophilus waren nicht protektiv. Laktulose wies ebenfalls antigenotoxische Wirkungen auf. Weiterführende Untersuchungen zu den Mechanismen der antigenotoxischen Effekten haben ergeben, daß kurzlebige Metabolite aus metabolisch aktiven MSB für die Schutzwirkungen verantwortlich sind.

 

Pool-Zobel, B.L., A. Bub and G. Rechkemmer (1997) Application of the COMET assay to study oxidative DNA damage in human cells. in: Antioxidant Methodology:  In Vivo and In Vitro Concepts, AOCS Press, Champaign, 39-52.

Ohne Kurzfassung

 

Pool-Zobel, B. L., Abrahamse, S. L., and Rechkemmer, G. (1998) Effect of different dietary carbohydrates on colon function:  Modulation of genotoxicity by short chain fatty acids. Guillon, F., Amado, R., Amaral-Collaco, M. T., Andersson, H., Asp, N. G., Bach Knudsen, K. E., Champ, M., Mathers, J., Robertson, J. A., Rowland, I. R., and Van Loo, J. Functional properties of non-digestible carbohydrates. Nantes, France, Imprimerie Parenthèses. Profibre:  European Air Concerted Action AIR3CT94-2203. P.214 Conference Proceeding

Introduction: Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are considered to be beneficial fermentation products in the gut by exerting trophic effects in non-transformed colon cells and by slowing proliferation and enhancing differentiation in colonic tumour cells. We have now studied further cellular events of early carcinogenesis, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in rat distal colon cells. Methods: Cytotoxicity was assessed by measuring trypan blue exclusion and by determining the H₂0₂-induced changes in [Ca²+]_i using a fluorospectrophotometer and the calcium sensitive fluorescent dye Fura-2. The microgelelectrophoresis technique ("COMET" assay) was used to assess oxidative DNA damage. Individual SCFA and physiological SCFA-mixtures were investigated for their potential to prevent DNA damage induced by H₂0₂. For this, freshly isolated colon cells were treated with H₂0₂ (100-1000 µM) and 6.25 mM SCFA. Results: We have found 100-1000 µM H₂0₂ to cause a fast initial increase in [Ca²+]_i , where after the levels then gradually further increased. Addition of SCFA did not affect [Ca²+]_i nor did it reduce the H₂0₂-induced increase in [Ca²+]_i . Butyrate and acetate were able to reduce the induction of DNA damage by 100, 200 and 500 µM H₂0₂, respectively. In contrast, i-butyrate and propionate were ineffective. Physiological mixtures containing acetate, propionate and butyrate in ratios of 41:21:38 or 75:15:10 are expected to arise in the colon after fermentation of resistant starches and of pectin, respectively. They (6.25 mM) were not shown to have antigenotoxic effects. Conclusions: The degree of reduction of DNA-damage for the two protective SCFA were similar The major difference between butyrate and acetate, on one hand, and i-butyrate and propionate on the other hand is that the former compounds are utilised best as energy sources by the colon cells. Therefore, our results on antigenotoxicity coupled with the findings on [Ca²+]_i homeostasis may indicate that molecular effects on the energy system render the DNA of these non-transforrned, freshly isolated colon cells to be less susceptible against H₂0₂ but does not protect against cytotoxic effects. The lack of protection by physiological mixtures may be due to the resulting lower absolute amounts of the individual SCFA or to their competing inhibitory effects in colon cells.

 

Rechkemmer ,G. Pool-Zobel, B.L.  (1997)  Methoden zur Bewertung des karzinogenen Potentials von Fetten. In:  Fette in der Ernährung, Reihe A: Angewandte Wissenschaft, Schriftenreihe des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung Landwirtschaft und Forsten, Heft 464, 196-219.

Ohne Kurzfassung

 

Rechkemmer, G. and B.L. Pool-Zobel (1998) Antigenotoxic and physiological properties of anthocyanins/anthocyanidins in intestinal epithelial cells, in: Anonymous EUR 18169 Edn., 131-136.

In-vitro aronia extracts show biological activity exerting protective effects at concentrations of approximately 25 µg anthocyanins/ml against DNA damage induced by the oxidant H₂O₂. The extracts are also potent inhibitors of hormone-induced changes in cellular metabolism, at least in transformed human colonic tumor cells. The precise nature of these inhibitory actions needs to be elucidated in further studies. Also it is not clear to which extent these protective activities are actually due to the anthocyanin components of these complex extracts. According to a detailled first analysis, the extracts also contain other phenolic compounds which may be contributing to the biological activities. Therefore, ongoing studies are directed at elucidating analogous activities by purified fractions and by individual components of these extracts, including chemically pure anthocyanidins and anthocyanins.

 

Watzl, B., Pool-Zobel, B.L.,  Neudecker, C.,  Abrahamse, S.L., Rechkemmer, G., (1997) Anthropogene und biogene Schadstoffe in Lebensmitteln:  Immuntoxische Wirkungen von Quecksilberchlorid. Berichte Umweltforschung Baden-Württemberg, FZKA-PUG 27, 329-341.

Ohne Kurzfassung

 

Janzowski, C., V. Glaab, E. Samimi, J. Schlatter, B.L. Pool-Zobel and G. Eisenbrand (1998) Genotoxic and mutagenic effectiveness of food relevant alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds,  Cancer Detection and Prevention, 22/Supplement 1, 133.

Ohne Kurzfassung

 

Oberreuther, D., P. Dolara, G. Jahreis, I.R. Rowland and B.L. Pool-Zobel (1998) Alimentäre Modulation der genotoxischen un antigenotoxischen Aktivität von humanem Faeceswasser,  Z Ernährungswiss, 37, 89.

Einführung: Genotoxische und antigenotoxische Substanzen, die durch die Nahrung in den Darm gelangen bzw. im Darm gebildet werden können, spielen möglicherweise bei der Coloncarcinogenese eine große Rolle. Im Faeceswasser finden sich diese Substanzen wieder. Deshalb wurde humanes Faeceswasser vor und nach einer Diät auf sein Potential, in einer humanen Colontumorzellinie (HT-29 clone 19A) DNA-Einzelstrangbrüche (SSBs), oxidierte Pyrimidin- (oxPy) bzw. Purinbasen (oxPu) zu induzieren sowie vor oxidativen Schäden (antiox) zu schützen, untersucht. Methoden: Kollektiv 1: 9 Männer und 8 Frauen erhielten 1 Monat eine saccharosearme, stärkereiche Diät. Kollektiv 2: 9 Frauen erhielten 7 Wochen zu ihrer normalen Diät 300 g Standardjog-hurt und weitere 7 Wochen probiotischen Joghurt. Bei Kollektiv 1 wurden vor und nach der Diät, bei Kollektiv 2 nach jeder Diätphase Stuhlproben gesammelt. Das Faeceswasser wurde durch Ultrazentrifugation (25000 g) gewonnen und bei -20°C gelagert. Zur Messung der DNA-Schäden bzw. Schutzwirkung wurde die Einzelzellmikrogelelektrophorese (Comet-Assay) eingesetzt. Dazu wurden die Zielzellen 30 Minuten bei 37°C mit dem Faeceswasser (10%) inkubiert und in Agarose eingebettet. Ein Teil der Zellen wurde mit 75µM H₂O₂ behandelt, um die antioxidative Kapazität des Faeceswassers zu prüfen. Danach wurden die Zellkerne durch Lyse freigesetzt und einer Elektrophorese unterzogen. Oxidierte DNA-Basen wurden vor der Elektrophorese durch eine Enzymbehandlung mit Endonuclease III bzw. Formamidopyrimidinglycosylase in künstliche Nicks umgesetzt. Die DNA wurde mit Ethidiumbromid angefärbt und der Grad der DNA-Schädigung mit Hilfe eines „Image Analysers" (Prozent DNA im Schweif) ausgewertet. Ergebnisse:

** p<0.01; * p<0.05; n.s. nicht signifikant

Diskussion: Die saccharosearme, stärkereiche Diät zeigte keinen Einfluß auf das genotoxische bzw. antigenotoxische Potential von Faeceswasser. Hingegen war nach Verzehr von probiotischem Joghurt eine verringerte Ausscheidung an DNA-SSBs induzierenden Substanzen und eine erhöhte Ausscheidung an Faktoren, die zu oxidierten DNA-Basen führen, die Folge. Eine Modulation der antigenotoxischen bzw. genotoxischen Aktivität von humanem Faeceswasser durch die Ernährung scheint somit möglich zu sein, was für die Ätiologie von Coloncarcinomen von großer Bedeutung sein könnte.

 

Pool-Zobel, B.L., Collins, A.R., Rechkemmer, G. (1997)  Levels of endogenous DNA damage and oxidised DNA bases in colon cells derived from biopsies of 50 non-colon cancer patients

DNA damage is expected to play a role during various processes of colon carcinogenesis and little is known on endogenous levels in human colon cells. We have employed the "Comet Assay" to determine DNA single strand breaks (SSB) and oxidative damage in colon cells of patients submitted to the hospital for colonoscopy. The 31 male and 20 female biopsy donors aged 24 to 84 years had not been macroscopically diagnosed as colon cancer patients. Cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion from sigmoid colon biopsies and subjected to microgelelectrophoresis ± endonuclease III to discriminate between DNA SSB and oxidised pyrimidines (Collins et al., Carcinogenesis 14, 1993; Pool-Zobel et al., Mutation Research in press, 1997). Human colon cells contain DNA SSB (15.8 ± 1.8%). In the test with endonuclease III 36.4 ± 3.8% of the cells were scored as comets, meaning that an additional 20% contained oxidised DNA bases (n=51, means ± SEM). DNA SSB were inversely correlated with age for subjects over 50 years (p=0.0152, n=39). There was also a trend for inverse correlations of oxidised DNA bases and age which, however, was not significant (p= 0.0725, n=39). The reasons for this decrease are not clear and oppose frequent assumptions that DNA damage accumulates with age. The technique is a useful biomarker to (1) establish the role of DNA damage as a risk parameter for colon cancer and to (2) study the impact of nutritional factors on the colon during human intervention studies

 

Pool-Zobel, B.L. and U. Leucht (1997) Risk factors of colon cancer: Metabolic conversion in human colon cells,  Canc Res Clin Oncol, 123, 17 (Abstract)

Colon cancer is a frequent nutritional related disease, for which individual carcinogenic risk factors have not been identified conclusively. Colon cells are particularly susceptible to toxic compounds of the faeces, due to the long physiological exposure periods. However, little is known on the consequences of activating and inactivating enzymes in colon cells. Therefore, we have developed a technique to detect the balance of these systems in human colon cells by measuring genotoxic activities. The method is based on the determination of DNA damage in primary cells freshly isolated from human colon biopsies with the single cell microgelelectrophoresis technique ("Comet Assay"). Risk factors suspected to be associated with the aetiology of human colon cancer were then subsequently investigated. 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP), 2-amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5f]quinoline (IQ) N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitroso- guanidine (MNNG), dinitrosocaffeidine (DNC) lithocholic acid (LCA), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) were investigated for their genotoxic and cytotoxic effects following 30 minutes incubation with colon cells of human, and for comparative purposes also from the rat colon. PhIP did induce DNA damage in rat colon cells, which correlates to its capacity of inducing tumours in this animal tissue, but no activity was observed in colon cells of 5 humans. LCA was toxic (rat > human) and concomitantly caused DNA damage in higher concentrations. The widespread contaminant BaP was not genotoxic in colon cells of either species using this system. This may be due to the low levels of CP450IA1 in colon cells, or to the fact that electrophiles from BaP are not potent strand break inducers. In contrast, the direct acting compounds (MNNG, H₂O₂) were very genotoxic in human colon cells, and even more so in human than in rat colon cells. Also, in rat colon cells the activity was 10 fold higher than in rat liver cells. The subsequent comparative analysis of glutathione-S-transferases (activities and proteins) showed 10 fold higher levels in liver than in colon cells of rats. Thus, the colon is also more susceptible to genotoxic carcinogens than the liver because of its much lower deactivating capacity. Therefore, toxic compounds which may reach the colon directly via faeces are important risk factors. Also, compounds which may be activated and conjugated in the liver and then transported (via blood stream or bile) to the colon where they are then deconjugated are important risk factors in the relatively defenceless colon cells.

 

Pool-Zobel, B. L., Abrahamse, S. L., and Rechkemmer, G. Cellular effects of phytohormones (1998)  Modulation of oxidative DNA damage and signal transduction in human colon cancer cells. Procceedings of the 89th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 39, 641. 

Dietary phytochemicals may lower risks for breast, prostata and colon tumors. Mechanisms may include modulation of estrogenic activities of proliferation or of oxidative damage. Isoflavonoids and lignans have been investigated in human colon tumor cells HT29 clone 19A for their ability to modulate (1) single strand breaks and oxidized DNA bases using single cell microgelelectrophoresis with repair specific enzymes, (2) cellular acid-base regulation, as a measure of metabolic activity using a Cytosensor Microphysiometer or (3) interaction with signal transduction pathways by Western blot detection of phosphorylated MAPKinase. 100 µM genistein, daidzein, equol, o-desmethylangolensin, enterolactone and enterodiol decreased endogenous production of oxidized DNA bases. Acidification of the extracellular medium was induced by equol and enterolactone. EGF, but not enterolactone, increased MAPKinase phosphorylation in a concentration and time dependent manner. The lignans and isoflavonoids did not affect EGF related cellular changes. Thus, in colon cells, enterolactone and equol affect signal transduction pathways which are not related to the tyrosine kinase dependent activities induced by EGF.

 

Pool-Zobel, B.L., A. Bub, U.M. Liegibel, S. Treptow-van Lishaut and G. Rechkemmer (1998) Schutz vor DNA Schäden durch Verzehr von karotinoidhaltigen Gemüsesäften,  Z Ernährungswiss, 37, 79-80

Epidemiologische Untersuchungen weisen darauf hin, dass karotinoidreiche Lebensmittel eine krebspräventive Wirkungen haben können. Jedoch liegen wenig Untersuchungen zu den beteiligten zellulären oder molekularen Mechanismen vor. Mögliche Wirkmechanismen könnten antioxidative Effekte oder die erhöhte Expression von Genen, die für Proteine des zellulären Chemoprotektionssystemen kodieren, beinhalten. Beide Eigenschaften, hatten aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach, einen reduzierten Spiegel an DNA Schäden und damit verbunden ein reduziertes Tumorrisiko zur Folge. Um derartige Zusammenhänge zu untersuchen, wurde eine Interventionsstudie mit 23 gesunden, männlichen Probanden durchgeführt, um die Auswirkung des Verzehrs karotinoidhaltiger Gemüsesäfte auf DNA Schäden und auf die Expression von Glutathion S-Transferase (GST) kodierender Gene in peripheren Blutlymphozyten zu untersuchen. Sie erhielten, bei ihrer sonst normalen aber karotinoidfreien Kost, jeweils für die Dauer von 2 Wochen täglich je 330 ml Tomatensaft, 330 ml Karottensaft und 10 g Spinatpulver in Wasser oder Milch aufgeschlemmt. Hierbei wurden überdurchschnittliche Aufnahmen von Lycopen, a - und ß-Karotin und Lutein erreicht. Blut wurde zu Beginn der Studie und wöchentlich entnommen. Lymphozyten wurden durch Gradientenzentrifugation gewonnen. DNA Schäden und oxidierte DNA Schäden wurden mit der Einzelzellmikrogelelektrophorese (Kometen-Test), GST und q-genetische Enzympolymorphismen mit einem multiplex PCR, GST, p-Polymorphismen mit PCR-gekoppeltem RFLP Nachweis, Expression von GSTs mit HPLC oder mit einem „Enzyme-linked Immunadsorbant Assay". DNA Schäden waren nach dem Verzehr der Gemüseprodukte deutlich vermindert. Eine Reduktion der oxidierten DNA-Basen wurde nach der Karottensaftintervention beobachtet. Die Induktion des wichtigsten lymphozytären GST Proteins, die p Untereinheit, wurde mit 8 der 15 GSTM1 und in 2 der 8 GSTM0 Genotypen beobachtet. Die Enzympolymorphismen GSTP a/a, a/b oder b/b zeigten keinen Zusammenhang mit der Induzierbarkeit. Die erhöhte Expression ist vermutlich einer der Mechanismen, durch den eine Verminderung der DNA Schädigung die Folge ist. Das Ausmaß der Induzierbarkeit könnte an den GSTM-Genotyp gekoppelt sein.

 

Pool-Zobel, B. L.; Glei, M.; Spänkuch, B., Rechkemmer, G. (1998) Study on mechanisms by which carrot and tomato juice may reduce oxidative DNA-damage in vivo: in vitro effects of all-trans-ß-carotene and lycopene. Abstractband zum Symposium „Carcinogenic/Anticarcinigenic Factors in Food: Novel Concepts?"

Introduction: A previous dietary intervention study with 23 healthy, non smoking male subjects had shown that the consumption of vegetable juices significantly reduces oxidative DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes. This reduction may be due to scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to induction of chemopreventive enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GST), which also may deactivate ROS. Aim: It was the aim of this study to determine whether major carotinoid ingredients of the protective juices (namely lycopene of tomato juice and all-trans-ß-carotene of carrot juice) are responsible for the in vivo effectiveness of the intervention study. For this, the compounds were assessed in vitro in human lymphocytes for their capacity to reduce oxidative DNA damage, modulate repair of endogenous and bleomycine-induced damage, and to induce GST-p expression. Material and Methods: Peripheral lymphocytes were isolated from healthy volunteers by gradient centrifugation. They were incubated with or without 2 µM of water soluble carotenoids (kindly provided by L. E. Schlipalius, Betatene Corporation, Australia) and worked up in the comet assay using the repair specific enzyme endonuclease III to reveal oxidised DNA bases. Proteins were isolated from aliquots of the treated lymphocytes and analysed by ELISA to determine GST p . Modulation of DNA repair was assessed by inducing damage with bleomycin and observing kinetics of damage-persistence in the presence of the carotenoids. Results: All-trans-ß-carotene lead to a reduction of DNA breaks and oxidised DNA bases in lymphocytes from 6 subjects who had refrained from eating carotenoid-rich foods for 2 weeks. Also GST p protein levels were increased from 3.9 ± 1.5 to 7.1 ± 2.2 ng GST p /10⁶ cells (means ± SEM, n = 9). In subjects on normal diets oxidised DNA bases were again reduced by all-trans-ß-carotene. Similar studies with lycopene are on going. Finally, DNA damage was more rapidly repaired in lymphocytes incubated with all-trans-ß-carotene than in untreated or in lycopene-treated cells. Conclusions: The potential of all-trans-ß-carotene to reduce oxidative DNA damage in cells and to affect cellular metabolism (GST-repair modulation) is probably an important mechanism by which carrot juice consumption can protect in vivo.

 

Treptow-van Lishaut, S., G. Rechkemmer and B.L. Pool-Zobel (1997) Quantifizierung von Glutathion S-Transferase Isoenzymen in Ratten-Colonzellen durch HPLC und Vergleich mit entsprechenden Daten von Leberzellen,  Z Ernährungswiss, 36, 51

Problemstellung: Glutathion S-Transferase Isoenzyme (GST) können vor toxischen und kanzerogenen Substanzen schützen, indem sie reaktive Zwischenstufen inaktivieren. Ziel der Arbeiten war die Bestimmung von GST aus Colon- (Zielzellen für ernährungsbedingte Tumoren) und Leberzellen (Synthese- und Detoxifikationsorgan) von Ratten (Sprague-Dawley) durch HPLC. Methoden: Die GST werden aus dem Cytosol durch Affinitätschromatographie an S-Hexylglutathion Sepharose 6B isoliert und die Untereinheiten mittels HPLC analysiert. Zum quantitativen Vergleich der Untereinheiten in den beiden Geweben der Ratte wurden die Daten auf Proteingehalt bzw. Zellzahl bezogen. Ergebnisse: Mit dieser Methode konnte gezeigt werden, daß die Colonzellen der untersuchten Ratten vorwiegend die Klassen p (7) und in geringeren Anteilen µ (3, 4) sowie a (1, 2) enthielten. Der Gesamtgehalt der GST in der Leber ist etwa zehnfach höher als im Colon. Darüber hinaus existieren unterschiedliche Muster der aus Leberzellen (Untereinheiten 1, 2, 3, 4) und der aus Colonzellen (7, 4, 3, 2) gewonnenen GST. Wird der Gehalt an GST-Untereinheiten auf die Zellzahl bezogen, ergeben sich größere interindividuelle Unterschiede als bei Verwendung des Zellproteingehaltes als Basis. Schlußfolgerungen: Die HPLC-Methode bietet die Möglichkeit einer vergleichenden Analyse der verschiedenen Untereinheiten in Colon- und Leberzellen eines Versuchstieres. Die Bezugnahme des Gehaltes an GST-Untereinheiten auf die Zellzahl wird - im Vergleich zum Zellproteingehalt als Basis - als geeigneteres Mittel angesehen, Einflüsse (von z.B. Lebensmittelinhaltsstoffen) auf den GST-Status sensitiv zu bestimmen.

 

Wollowski, I., C. Neudecker and B.L. Pool-Zobel (1997) Mechanismen der protektiven Wirkungen durch intestinale Bakterien bei der Kolonkarzinogenese,  Z Ernährungswiss, 36, 50

Problemstellung: Die Aufnahme komplexer Kohlenhydrate mit der Nahrung kann zu einem Anstieg milchsäurebildender Bakterien (MSB) im Darm führen. Diese spielen möglicherweise eine Rolle bei der Prävention von Dickdarmkrebs. Daher haben wir den Einfluß von MSB auf die im Dickdarm induzierte Genotoxizität, einem Risikoparameter der Krebsentstehung, untersucht. Mit der Technik der Einzelzellmikrogelelektrophorese (Comet-Assay) konnten wir zeigen, daß L.. casei, L.. gasseri, L.. confusus, B. breve, B. longum, S. thermophilus, und L. delbrueckei ssp. bulgaricus die durch die Kanzerogene N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) und 1,2-Dimethylhydrazin induzierten DNA-Schäden im Dickdarm der Ratte in vivo verhindern konnten (1,2). Ob die von MSB gebildeten Metabolite oder deren Zellkomponenten an der antigenotoxischen Wirkung protektiver Bakterien beteiligt sind, wurde in vitro an Kolonzellen der Ratte untersucht. Methode: Genotoxizität wurde mit dem Comet-Assay an Kolonzellen der Ratte gemessen. Die Zellen wurden mittels Protease gewonnen, in RPMI-Medium aufgenommen, und nach Zellzahl- und Vitalitätsbestimmung als 1 ml-Aliquote mit 2x10⁶ Zellen einer in vitro Behandlung (30 min., 37 °C) mit den ausgewählten Metaboliten oder Zellkomponenten und dem Kanzerogen MNNG unterzogen. Nach Abzentrifugation wurden 2x10⁵ Zellen in Agarose gebettet, die Zellkerne durch Lyse freigesetzt und einer Elektrophorese unterworfen. Durch die Anfärbung der DNA mit Ethidiumbromid wurde der Grad der DNA-Schäden am Fluoreszenzmikroskop ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Überstände der Pellets von L. acidophilus-Kulturen, die mit frischem Medium supplementiert und inkubiert wurden, führten zu einer Inaktivierung von MNNG in vitro. Ein aus dem Pellet von L. acidophilus gewonnener Acetonextrakt zeigte ebenfalls gegenüber MNNG eine eindeutig antigenotoxische Wirkung in vitro. Die Metabolite Acetat, Butyrat, Cystein, Glutathion und die Zellwandfraktionen und Peptidoglycane sowie gefriergetrocknete L. acidophilus verminderten das Ausmaß der Genotoxizität, das durch MNNG an Rattenkolonzellen induziert wurde. Schlußfolgerung: Ein möglicher Mechanismus der protektiven Wirkung von MSB im Darm könnte auf die Ausscheidung und Produktion von Metaboliten zurückgeführt werden, welche Karzinogene im Darmlumen inaktivieren, bevor diese Kolonzellen schädigen können.

Gäste des Lehrstuhles:

• Frau Dr. Consuelo Macias Matos aus Kuba vom 11.05.98 - 20.05.98

WÖRWAG PHARMA GmbH, Stuttgart

Dr. Engelfried & Dr. Bartel Pharma, München

Thema: Biotinstatusermittlung bei Bevölkerungsgruppen
Zeitraum: seit 1993

WÖRWAG PHARMA GmbH, Stuttgart

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Forschungskreis der Ernährungsindustrie

Nationale und Interationale Gremientätigkeit/Mitgliedschaften

• Mitglied des Wiss. Beirats der Zeitschrift für Ernährungswissenschaft
• Mitglied des "Advisory Board" des International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research
• Mitglied der European Academy of Nutritional Sciences (EANS)
• Mitglied der New York Academy of Sciences
• Mitglied des Wissenschaftlichen Beirates der Sektion Thüringen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährung
• Mitglied des Wissenschaftlichen Beirates der Gesellschaft für Biofaktoren
• Mitglied des Wissenschaftlichen Beirates des Vereins zur Förderung der gesunden Ernährung und Diätetik
• Mitglied der Jury zur Verleihung des Biotinpreises der Fa. Dr. Engelfried & Dr. Bartel

Wissenschaftliche Tagung der Deutschen Akademie für Ernährungsmedizin vom 12.-14. März 1998 in Freiburg - Lebensmittel tierischer Herkunft in der Diskussion

Bitsch, R.: Fleischmengenproblematik II

35. Wissenschaftlicher Kongreß der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährung e.V. vom 19.-20. März 1998 in Kiel

Böhm, V., B. Lippmann, H. Bergmann, R. Bitsch: Einfluß unterschiedlicher preharvest-Bedingungen auf die Carotinoidgehalte von Tomaten

Licht, U., M. Liebert, V. Böhm, R. Bitsch: Antioxidative Aktivität von grünem und schwarzem Tee mittels TEAC-Test und LDL-Oxidation - Einfluß der Extraktionszeit

Liebert, M., U. Licht, V. Böhm, R. Bitsch: Untersuchungen zur Extrahierbarkeit phenolischer Verbindungen aus Tee

Frank, T., R. Bitsch, J. Maiwald, G. Stein: Untersuchungen zur Bioverfügbarkeit von verschiedenen Thiaminderivaten bei Dialysepatienten

9^th International Congress on Nutrition and Metabolism in Renal Disease vom 29. August - 1. September 1998 in Wien

Frank, T., R. Bitsch, J. Maiwald, G. Stein: Comparative bioavailability of various thiamine derivatives in dialysis patients

Deutscher Lebensmittelchemikertag vom 14.-16. September 1998 in München

Böhm, V., R. Bitsch: Direktinjektion von Humanplasma auf eine Alkyl-Diol-Silicia-Vorsäule zur HPLC-Analyse von Carotinoiden

Licht, U., K. Solf, V. Böhm, R. Bitsch: Der Trap-Test: Eine einfache und schnelle Methode zur Ermittlung der antioxidativen Aktivität

Arbeitstagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährung e.V. (DGE) "Sekundäre Pflanzenstoffe" am 20.10. 1998 in Karlsruhe

Bitsch, R., Jena; S. Shahrzad, M. Netzel, I. Bitsch, Gießen: Bioverfügbarkeit und Metabolismus pflanzlicher Phenole.

6^th International Conference on Mechanisms of Antimutagenesis and Anticarcinogenesis vom 25.-29. October 1998 in Arcachon

Netzel, M., M. Janssen, I. Bitsch, R. Bitsch: Appearance of anthocyanins in human urine following ingestion of blackcurrant juice.

 

referierte Zeitschriften:

Böhm, V., G. Peiker, A. Starker, E. Weske, G. Schaarmann, R. Schubert, R. Bitsch, G. Flachowsky: Gehalte der Vitamine B₁, B₂, A und E sowie ß-Carotin in transitorischer Frauenmilch und Vergleichsuntersuchungen im Blut der Mütter und im Nabelschnurblut.
(The contents of vitamin B₁, B₂, A and E as well as ß-carotene in transitional human milk and comparative examinations with maternal blood and cord blood.)
Z. Ernährungswiss. 36 (1997), 214-219

The contents of the vitamins B₁ (27 ng/ml), B₂ (57 ng/ml), A (1,3 µg/ml), and E (9,7 µg/ml) as well as ß-carotene (0,2 µg/ml) in transitional human milk were determined for up to 35 women aged between 19 and 31 years. Additionally, the vitamin content in maternal and cord plasma as well as the erythrocytic transketolase- and glutathionreductase activities of the water soluble vitamins were measured. Dietary recalls were evaluated for the nutritional intake of vitamins. Concerning the fat soluble vitamins, the breast fed newborns received the recommended amounts of the German Society of Nutrition (DGE) for his group. In contrast to this, the supply of the water soluble vitamins (B₁: 13,5 µg/500 ml; B₂: 28,5 µg/500ml) attained only 5 to 10 % of the recommendations for newborns during the first two weeks after parturition with breast feeding. Vitamin content of maternal plasma (B₁: 6,1 " 2,8 ng/ml) and erythrocytic enzyme activities (a_ETK: 0,86-1,62; a_EGR: 1,08-1,75) indicated a low or sufficient intake, while the values in cord blood (B₁: 19,8 " 6,5 ng/ml; a_ETK: 0,62-1,62; a_EGR: 1,01-1,47) were in accordance with a satisfactory supply.

 

Böhm, V., B. Lippmann, H. Bergmann, R. Bitsch: Einfluß unterschiedlicher Preharvest- Bedingungen auf die Carotinoid-Gehalte von Tomaten.
(Carotenoid contents of tomatoes as affect by different preharvest conditions.)
Z. Ernährungswiss. 37 (1998), 77

Low and high doses of nitrogen fertilizers as well as cadmium load of the soil showed no influence on the contents of carotenoids in ripe tomatoes. Further studies will investigate more samples to reduce the coefficients of variety. Additionally, other soil contaminants and their effects on the contents of carotenoids will be examined.

 

Frank, T., R. Bitsch, J. Maiwald, G. Stein: Comparative bioavailability of various thiamine derivatives in dialysis patients. Wien.
Klin. Wochenschr. 110, Suppl. 4 (1998), 15

The bioavailability of the commonly prescribed benfotiamin and thiamine mononitrate (TN) in 20 patients with end-stage renal disease were compared. In the benfotiamin group, the increase in maximum concentration of total thiamine compared to the basal level was 6.1 " 1.6 vs. 1.7 " 0.2 in the TN group (p<0.001). The time of maximum concentration of total thiamine in whole blood was 3.5 " 2.0 h vs. 4.6 " 3.1 h (n.s.). The AUC_0-24h of total thiamine in whole blood was 7.4 times higher in the benfotiamin group. Additionally, the increase of thiamine diphosphate (TDP) concentration in erythrocytes was about twice as high compared to the TN group. Significantly decreased transketolase activity coefficients as suitable parameter of the transformation rate to the physiologically active vitamin were observed after 10 hours in both groups: from 1.10 to 1.04 vs. 1.12 to 1.07. Only 1.0 vs. 0.6 % of the administered dose were excreted. The preliminary results presented here indicate a considerably higher relative bioavailability of benfotiamin compared to TN as pointed out in former studies in healthy subjects. It is much higher enriched and converted to TDP in erythrocytes.

Greb, A., R. Bitsch: Comparative bioavailability of various thiamine derivates after oral administration.
Int. J. Clin. Pharm . Ther. 36, (4), (1998), 216-221

In a multiple change-over study the bioequivalence of 3 thiamine preparations, used therapeutically as neutropic agents for the treatment of polyneuropathies, was tested in a collective of 7 volunteers. After ingestion of a single dose of either 100 mg benfotiamin (S-benzoylthiamine-o-monophosphate), fursultiamin (thiaminetetrahydrofurfuryldisulfide) or thiamine disulfide, thiamine blood levels were analyzed for a 10-hour period. Thiamine was measured by HPLC after precolumn derivatization to thiochrome. The maximal thiamine concentration C_max and its time (t_max) in plasma and hemolysate, the area under concentration time curve (AUC), and thiamine excretion in 24-hour urine were assessed as criteria of bioavailability. Additionally the erythrocytic transketolase activity (ETK) and a_ETK were determined as indicators of the cellular thiamine availability. After benfotiamin ingestion a more rapid and earlier increase of thiamine in plasma and hemolysate was observed in contrast to fursultiamine and disulfide. All biokinetic data demonstrated a significantly improved thiamine bioavailability from benfotiamin compared with the other preparations. The lowest bioavailability was detected with thiamine disulfide. From our results it can be concluded that oral administration of benfotiamin is best suitable for therapeutical purposes owing to its excellent absorption characteristics.

 

Jung, U., M. Helbich-Endermann, R. Bitsch, S. Schneider, G. Stein: Are patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) deficient in Biotin and is regular Biotin supplementation required?
Z. Ernährungswiss. 37 (1998), 363-367

In 23 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), 23 patients on chronic intermittend hemodialysis treatment (DP), 22 patients after renal transplantation (RT) and 40 normal persons (NP) biotin plasma level and the urinary excretion have been analyzed and compared to the dietary biotin intake. Related to the daily biotin intake [µg/day], DP excreted only 1.6-6.3 % of the daily intake as compared to 39.7 % in NP, 27.6 % in CRF and 24.3 % in RT. In unsupplemented DP biotin plasma levels were increased by 4 times and in supplemented patients by 6 times compared to NP. During hemodialysis treatment, the biotin plasma level dropped by about 30 % in DP with and without vitamin supplementation. All DP reached the initial biotin plasma level again after 44 hours.

 

Licht, U., M. Liebert, V. Böhm, R. Bitsch: Antioxidative Aktivität von grünem und schwarzem Tee mittels TEAC-Test und LDL-Oxidation B Einfluß der Extraktionszeit.
(Antioxidant activity of green and black tea determined by TEAC- and LDL oxidation-assay - Influence of brewing time.)
Z. Ernährungswiss. 37 (1998), 77.

The antioxidant activity of green and black tea depending on the brewing time was assessed by using the LDL oxidation assay, an ex vivo method. The antioxidant activity increased with brewing time, which was comparable to recent results determined with the TEAC assay. On the other hand, the results obtained with the LDL oxidation assay varied more compared to the TEAC assay. In both cases, antioxidant activity was well correlated with the corresponding contents of total phenolics.

 

Liebert, M., U. Licht, V. Böhm, R. Bitsch: Untersuchungen zur Extrahierbarkeit phenolischer Verbindungen aus Tee.
(Investigations on extractability of tea phenolics.)
Z. Ernährungswiss. 37 (1998), 85.

The antioxidant activity and total phenolics of various tea extracts were analyzed. Green and black tea were brewed from 0.5 min up to 10 min under different brewing conditions (stirring the extract, chopping the tea leaves before brewing). For measuring the antioxidant activity the TEAC test was used. In all cases the antioxidant activity as well as the content of phenolics increased with the brewing time. In black tea (brewed without stirring or chopping), total phenolics increased from 33.8 mg/100 ml after 0.5 min up to 68.4 mg/100 ml after 10 min brewing time. Stirring during brewing led to higher phenolic yields in the extract. Thus, phenolics in stirred black tea ranged from 44.5 mg/100 ml (0.5 min) to 96.7 mg/100 ml (10 min). Chopping the tea leaves resulted in highest contents of phenolics. Antioxidant activity was well correlated with the corresponding contents of total phenolics.

Licht, U., V. Böhm, R. Bitsch: The effect of brewing time on total phenolics and antioxidant activity in green and black Darjeeling.
In: R. Armado, H. Andersson, S. Bardocz, F. Serra (eds.) COST 916 B Polyphenols in Food (Series: European Commission B Science Research Development, European Commission Directorate-General XIII, Luxemburg, 1998, S. 211-214.

One green and one black Darjeeling were analyzed on their contents of total phenolics and their antioxidant activity (TEAC test). Additionally, the influence of brewing time on these parameter was examined. There were no differences found between the green and the black tea: In both cases, total phenolics and antioxidant activity were in the same range and increased with brewing time. Antioxidant activity correlated well with the corresponding content of total phenolics.

 

Sonstige Zeitschriften

Bitsch, R.: Zucker in der Ernährung. Beurteilung aus ernährungswissenschaftlicher Sicht.
(Sugar in the diet. Appraisal from nutritional viewpoint.)
Zuckerrübe, 47 (1998), 50-51

Carbohydrates including sucrose are predominantly energy providing nutrients and not primarily responsible for overweight and obesity. Only intake amounts of more than 500g/d are normally converted to fatty acids. Actual data reveal, that in severely underweight persons even the highest, in strongly overweight the lowest sucrose intake could be detected. In British schoolchildren, not only the energy uptake but also that of most micronutrients including iron and calcium predominated comparing high with low intake groups. No relation was found between sugar intake and obesity. Sucrose and carbohydrates do not also burden in special way the thiamine and calcium requirement. Generally, a slightly enhanced urinary calcium excretion is observed when an extreme shift of nutrient relations is practiced. Usual sucrose intake does neither deteriorate the glucose tolerance nor is involved in the development of diabetes. All data are conclusive, that diabetes II is primarily caused by long lasting obesity. In sportsmen, oral sugar doses lead to an improved attentiveness and coordinating ability. Finally, for Karies origin it was shown that not so far the amount but the frequency of the intake of sugar and fermentable carbohydrates and the adhesiveness are relevant factors. Resuming the worldwide studies, the FDA of the USA has 1986 attributed sugar the GRAS-status.

Bitsch, R.: Fleisch als Vitamin- und Mineralstoff-Lieferant.
(Meat as food for vitamins and minerals supply.)
Informationsdienst FLEISCH AUS DEUTSCHLAND 8 (1998), 2-7

According to present data, meat products contribute by more than 60 % to the dietary allowances of vitamin B₁ and B₁₂, by more than 40 % to those of Niacin and to about 30 % to those of vitamin B₂, B₆ and vitamin A. Because vitamins are preferably stored in liver and entrails, meat products, as e.g. sausages, are important for the vitamin supply of population. Additionally, meat and meat products are also of relevance for the supply of minerals and trace elements, such as magnesium, zinc, selen and iron. Iron, zinc and selen from meat and meat products are delivering presently 25 - 35 % of the total intake of the population. An important aspect is, not at least, that vitamins as well as minerals from meat are best bioavailable in contrast to those bound in plant food. This is of special relevance for iron, which is by about 5-fold better absorbed from meat than from plant foods.

Bitsch, R.: Fleisch als Nahrungsmittel - ein Problem ?
(Problems concerning meat consumption?)
Phoenix 3 (1998), 11-12

Meat and meat products contribute considerably to meeting the requirement of critical nutrients, as e.g. retinol, thiamine, cobalamin and iron, but provide only 18-22 % of the energy intake guide values. Model calculations suggest that due to the constant high absorption rate of 23 % meat iron a compensated iron balance of female in childbearing age even with the recommended intake of 15 mg/d and vitamin C rich meals cannot be maintained under exclusive vegetarian lifestyle when completely avoiding meat. From international studies it is evident that meat consumption is by no means a risk factor for CHD. In Spain the mortality rate of cardiovascular and apoplex diseases declined significantly during the last 20 years despite an increase of meat consume from 73 to 229 g/capita/d, but also an increase of milk products, fish and fruits and lowered uptake of olive oil and carbohydrate products. This was corroborated in the MONICA survey, too, when comparing Belfast with Toulouse. Finally, from statistical data it is evident that a negative correlation exists when comparing the meat consume of all European countries with the coronary and carcinoma mortality index.

Bitsch, R.: Antioxidantien.
(Antioxidants).
VitaMinSpur 13 (1998), S 22-S 24

Bitsch, R.: Antioxidantien in der Ernährung.
(Antioxidants in the human diet.)
LM Dialog 15 (1998)

Antioxidative vitamins, as e.g. carotinoids, tocopherols and ascorbic acid, are included in oxidative stress defense reactions as radical scavengers. Retrospective studies indicated a close connection between the intake or status of these vitamins and the incidence of cardiovascular and carcinoma diseases. A protective effect of the tocopherol intake could be observed in Finnland, of the serum or adipose tissue carotenoid level in US male, the EURAMIC and the Basel study. On the other hand, several intervention studies with supplements failed to show a favorable effect, as e.g. in the ATBC-, in the CARET- and the Physicians Health study with ß-carotene supplements. Only in the Linxian study, long term supplements of ß-carotene, vitamin E and selen resulted in a significant decline of esophagus cancer. In the Nurses Health and the Health Professionals study, vitamin E supplements lowered the cardiovascular mortality risk. Recent epidemiological studies indicate an antioxidative effect of plant phenolics, too. A good relation was shown between an enhanced intake of fruits and vegetables and a reduced CVD and cancer risk.

 

Böhm, V., R. Bitsch: Veränderungen der Carotinoid-Gehalte bei der industriellen Tomatensaftherstellung.
(Alterations of carotenoid contents during industrial tomato juice production.)
Lebensmittelchemie 52 (1998), 40-41

Different samples from various steps of the production of tomato juice were analyzed on their carotenoid contents using HPLC with diode array detection. Lycopene was the main carotenoid analyzed besides ß-carotene and lutein in lower amounts. The content of these carotenoids decreased during the production of tomato juice to 43-50 % of the basal values. Mixing of the concentrates, pasteurization and heating during bottling were the main causes for these reductions. (E)-ß-carotene and 13(Z)-ß-carotene were the two ß-carotene isomers identified in all samples. Their contents decreased during the processing steps observed.

 

Frank, T., R. Bitsch, J. Maiwald, G. Stein: Bioverfügbarkeit verschiedener Thiaminderivate bei Dialysepatienten.
(Bioavailability of various thiamine derivatives in dialysis patients.)
VitaminSpur 13 (1998), 76-81

Abstr. siehe Wien. Klin. Wochenschr.

 

Siekiersky, A., V. Böhm, R. Bitsch, S. Schneider, H. Sperschneider, G. Stein: Vitamin B₂- status of patients with chronical renal failure, dialysis patients and patients after renal transplantation.
VitaMinSpur 13 (1998), 121-123

Gäste des Lehrstuhles:

• Bartha, Richard, ELTE University, Budapest, Ungarn; vom 1.10.1997 bis 31.12.1998 (gefördert durch den DAAD)
• Batista, Ariadna, Universidad de Panama, Panama; seit 1.10.97 (gefördert durch den DAAD)
• Dr. Camean, Ana-Maria, Universidade de Sevilla, Spanien; vom 1.10.1997 bis 30.11.1998 (gefördert von der EU)
• YU, Rencheng und LI, Jun, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; vom 1.10.1997 bis 30.09.1998 (gefördert von der DLR)
• Dr. Gago Martinez, Ana, Universidade de Vigo, Spanien; vom 1.11.98 bis 14.12.1998 (gefördert von der EU)
• PiZ ero, Nuria, Universidade de Vigo, Spanien; seit 1.11.1998 (gefördert von der EU)

Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt

Thema: Ausbreitung von toxinbildenden Algenblüten
Zeitraum: seit 1997
In Zusammenarbeit mit der Chinesischen Akademie der Wissenschaften werden Proben von der Küste Nordchinas (Algen und Muscheln) auf Toxine überprüft. Diese Messungen werden gemeinsam mit dem Oceanographischen Institut in Qingdao, V. R. China, durchgeführt.

Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF Projekt Nr.: 03F0161A)

Thema: Entstehung von Toxizität und Ausbreitung toxischer Eukaryonten/Prokaryonten-Systeme (TEPS)
Zeitraum: seit 1996
Innerhalb des TEPS-Projektes wurde die Biochemische Charakterisierung von Algentoxinen im Rahmen des Teilprojektes 6 (BICAT) übernommen. Hierzu sollen Algen und Bakterien getrennt bzgl. ihrer Toxinproduktion untersucht werden.

Commission of the European Communities, DG 12-EHKN, Brussels, Belgium; Marine Science and Technology Programme, Health of the Oceans (MAST III) (Contract no. MAS 3-CT 97-0103)

Thema: Effect of nutrient ratios on harmful phytoplankton and their toxin production (NUTOX)
Zeitraum: seit 1997
Kulturen von Algen werden bei relativ konstantem Siliziumangebot unter sonst gleichen Bedingungen steigende Konzentrationen von Stickstoff und Phosphor zugesetzt. Dabei werden Veränderungen im Toxinprofil, die durch die Manipulierung der N/P-Verhältnisse hervorgerufen wurden, meßtechnisch verfolgt.

Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, Belgium; Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme (SMT)

Thema: The certification of the mass fractions of saxitoxin and dc-saxitoxin in two mussel reference materials (CRMs 542 & 543)
Zeitraum: seit 1997
Im Rahmen des Projektes werden Methoden zur PSP-Erfassung aus Muschelmaterial validiert. Darauf aufbauend wird mit PSP kontaminiertes Muschelmaterial zertifiziert.

Forschungsschwerpunkte:

Forschungen auf dem Gebiet der Chemie der Lebensmittel und Umwelt

Im Mittelpunkt steht die Schadstoffspurenanalytik.

Es werden rückstandsanalytische Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Algentoxinen sowie von anthropogenen Organochlorverbindungen und pharmakologisch wirksamen Substanzen im Ultraspurenbereich entwickelt.

Diese Forschungsaktivitäten sind in folgenden Foschungsführern näher beschrieben:

Forschungs- und Technologieführer; Chemie und Biochemie in Deutschland; (Institute, Personen, Arbeitsgebiete, Publikationen, Technologietransfer), Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, New York, Basel, Cambridge, Tokyo, 2. Aufl. 1995, ISBN: 3-527-29258-6

Toxic Algal Blooms; An International Directory of Experts in Toxic and Harmful - Algal Blooms and Their Effects on Fisheries and Public Halth; Alan W. White (ed.), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543 USA, 1990

HARMFUL ALGAE: An International Directory of Experts in Toxic and Harmful Algae and Their Effects on Fisheries and Public Health; A. W. White, T. L. Frady (eds.) IOC Information Document 1015, UNESCO, Paris 1995

TrAC, Trends in Analytical Chemistry; Directory of hyphenated techniques; Z. Deyl (ed.), Elsevier Science B. V., Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, Shannon, TrAC Suppl. No. 2, 1994, ISBN: 0-444-82126-0

Who’s Who in Food Chemistry; R. Battaglia, W. Pfannhauser, M. Murkovic (eds.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1996, ISBN: 3-540-60239-9

Nationale und Internationale Gremientätigkeit/Mitgliedschaften

Prof. Dr. Bernd Luckas

• Mitglied der European Association of Deans of Science (EADS)
• Mitglied der „Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker" (GDCh)
• Fachgruppe „Analytische Chemie"
• Arbeitsgemeinschaft „Chromatographie"
• Arbeitskreis für „Mikro- und Spurenanalyse der Elemente und
• Elementspezies" (AMSEL)
• Mitglied der „Lebensmittelchemischen Gesellschaft" innerhalb der GDCh
• Arbeitsgruppe „Fisch und Fischerzeugnisse"
• Arbeitsgruppe „Muscheltoxine"
• Arbeitskreis „Hochschullehrer der Lebensmittelchemie"
• Mitglied des European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brüssel
• Mitglied des Normenausschusses Lebensmittel und landwirtschaftliche Produkte (NAL) und des Arbeitsausschusses „Biotoxine" des BgVv, Berlin
• Mitglied der International Oceanographic Commission (IOC) der UNESCO 
• Mitglied der IOC Working Group on Harmful Algal Blooms (IOC/HAB), Paris
• Mitglied des International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) 
• Mitglied der ICES Working Group on Harmful Algal Bloom Dynamics (ICES/WGHABD), Kopenhagen
• Mitglied des Advisory Board der Zeitschrift „Advances in Food Sciences"
  

Prof. Dr. Bernd Luckas und PD Dr. Walter Vetter

Fachgutachter für folgende Zeitschriften:

• Journal of Chromatograpy
• Journal of High Resolution Chromatography
• Analytical Chemistry
• Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
• Marine Pollution Bulletin
• Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
• Journal of AOAC International
  

PD Dr. Walter Vetter

• Mitglied des Advisory Board der Zeitschrift „Fresenius Environmental Bulletin"

Auslandsaufenthalte von Mitarbeitern des Lehrstuhles Lebensmittelchemie:

PD Dr. Walter Vetter:

20. April bis 30. Mai 1998 - Gastdozentur an der Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Quimica Analitica y Alimentaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Vigo/Galicia, Espana

Staatl. gepr. Lebensmittelchemiker Sebastian Kastrup:

10. bis 23. Mai 1998 und vom 10. August bis 4. Oktober 1998 - Forschungstätigkeit im Rahmen des VIGONI-Projektes der EU an der Universitá degli studi di Trieste, Sezione Biologica, Dipartimento di economia e merceologia, delle risorse naturali e della produzione, Trieste/Friuli-Venetia, Italia

Dr. Christian Hummert und Frau Katrin Reinhardt:

12. Mai bis 5. Juni 1998 - Forschungsfahrt im Rahmen des TEPS-Projektes des BMBF mit dem Forschungsschiff „FS Heincke" der Biologischen Anstalt Helgoland in den NW-Atlantik (Orkney-Inseln)

Dr. Christian Hummert und Dipl.-troph. Michael Reichelt:

2. bis 14. Juli 1998 - Forschungstätigkeit im Rahmen des NUTOX-Projektes an der Universität Kalmar/Schweden

Air Quality Assessment and Protection - ECOpole ‘97; Jamrozowa Polana, Poland, October 14-16, 1997, Opole University (Poland) and University of Hradec Kralove (Czechia)

B. Luckas: „Fish as bioindicators for the assessment of the pollution with organochlorines."

 

Meeting on Ecotechnie and sustainable development, Szeged, Hungary, March 12-15, 1998

B. Luckas: „The use of marine animals as bioindicators."

 

InCom 1998, Instrumentalized Analytical Chemistry and Computer Technology; Düsseldorf, 23.-27. März 1998.

W.Vetter: „Enantioselektive Bestimmung von chiralen Organochlorverbindungen."

 

Meeting der ICES/IOC Working Group on Harmful Algal Bloom Dynamics (WGHABD); Lisbon, Portugal, March 24-29, 1998

B. Luckas: „Report on the bloom of blue-greens in the Baltic in summer 1998."

 

7. Arbeitstagung des Regionalverbandes Südost der Lebensmittelchemischen Gesellschaft innerhalb der GDCh; Köthen, 16.-17. April 1998

S. Kastrup, C. Hummert, B. Luckas: „Eine neue HPLC-Methode zur Bestimmung von Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning DSP." Lebensmittelchemie 52, 131 (1998)

W. Vetter, B. Luckas: „Zum Einsatz von perdeuteriertem a -Hexachlorcyclohexan (a -HCH) bei der Bestimmung von Organochlorpestiziden aus Lebensmitteln."
Lebensmittelchemie 52, 129-130 (1998)

M. Weichbrodt, W. Vetter, Bernd Luckas: „Die Erfassung chlorierter Kohlenwasserstoffe aus Dorschlebern mit Hilfe der mikrowellenunterstützten Extraktion."
Lebensmittelchemie 52, 131(1998)

W. Vetter, R. Bartha, U. Klobes, B. Luckas: „Bestimmungsverfahren zur eindeutigen und empfindlichen Erfassung von Toxaphen-Rückständen aus Fisch."
Lebensmittelchemie 52, 131-132(1998)

Analytica Conference ‘98; München 21.-24. April 1998

W. Vetter: „Enantioselektive Erfassung chiraler Chlorpestizide und PCBs in Meerestieren."

B. Luckas: „Einsatz chromatographischer Verfahren mit selektiver Detektion zur Kontrolle von Seafood auf Algentoxine."

 

9. Jenaer Umwelttage; Jena, 18.-19. Mai 1998

W. Vetter, B. Luckas: „Zur Problematik der Erfassung von Toxaphen-Rückständen."
Abstractbook, S. 30-32

 

DIOXIN ‘98; 18th Symposium on Halogenated Environmental Organic Pollutants, Stockholm, Sweden, August 17-21, 1998

A. Batista, W. Vetter, M. Weichbrodt, B. Luckas: „Organochlorine patterns related to the fatty acid composition in cod livers and seal blubber."
Organohalogen Compd. 35, 67-70 (1998)

M. Weichbrodt, W. Vetter, E. Scholz, B. Luckas: „Levels of organochlorines in penguin and skua eggs from the Antarctic - determination after application of focused open-vessel microwave-assisted extraction in combination with gel-permeation-chromatography."
Organohalogen Compd. 35, 195-198 (1998)

W. Vetter, G. Scherer: „Molecular modelling: an interesting tool to explain persistence and lability of compounds of technical toxaphene."
Organohalogen Compd. 35, 235-238 (1998)

R. Bartha, U. Klobes, W. Vetter, B. Luckas: „Liquid chromatographic profiles of compounds of technical toxaphene (CTTs)."
Organohalogen Compd. 35, 247-250 (1998)

H.J. Geyer, A. Kaune, K.-W. Schramm, G. Rimkus, W. Vetter, A. Kettrup,
D.C.G. Muir: „Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of specific persistent polychlorinated bornane (toxaphene) congeners in fish and comparison with bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of biota from the marine environment."
Organohalogen Compd. 35, 263-268(1998)

W. Vetter, U. Klobes, B. Luckas, G. Hottinger: „Enantioselective determination of persistent toxaphene compounds: possibilities on and alternatives to tert.-butyldimethylsilylated ß-cyclodextrin."
Organohalogen Compd. 35, 305-308(1998)

W. Vetter, R. Bartha, G. Stern, G. Tomy: „Enantioselective determination of two major compounds of technical toxaphene in Canadian lake sediment cores from the last 60 years."
Organohalogen Compd. 35, 343-346 (1998)

U. Klobes, W. Vetter, B. Luckas, G. Hottinger: „Enantioselective determination of 2-endo,3-exo,5-endo,6-exo,8,8,9,10-octachlorobornane (B8-1412) in environmental samples."
Organohalogen Compd. 35, 359-362 (1998)

W. Vetter, B. Luckas: „Analytical artifacts during enantioselective determination of chiral organochlorines with GC/ECNI-MS."
Organohalogen Compd. 35, 367-370(1998)

M. Weichbrodt, W. Vetter, B. Luckas, H. Oelschläger: „Determination of organochlorines (HCHs, DDT, PCBs, Toxaphene) in blubber of South African seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus)."
Organohalogen Compd. 39, 157-160 (1998)

Botaniker-Tagung 1998 der Vereinigung für Angewandte Botanik und der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft; Bremen, 30. August - 6. September 1998

J. Weiß, M. Reichelt, H.-P. Liebert, W. Braune: „Ökophysiologische Untersuchungen zur Interaktion von Microcystis aeruginosa und Lemna minor L."

Deutscher Lebensmittelchemikertag, München, 13.-15. September 1998

C. Hummert, B. Luckas: „Neue Strategien zur Analytik von Microcystinen."
Lebensmittelchemie 52, 161 (1998)

W. Vetter, B. Luckas: „Strukturelle Voraussetzungen für Persistenz und Abbau von
Toxaphen-Komponenten."
Lebensmittelchemie 53, 44 (1999)

M. Weichbrodt, W. Vetter, B. Luckas: „Bestimmung von Chlorpestiziden und PCBs aus fetthaltigen Proben nach mikrowellenunterstützter Extraktion und Gel-Permeationschromatographie." Lebensmittelchemie 53, 46 (1999)

S. Kastrup, C. Hummert, B. Luckas: „BrMB – ein neuer Fluoreszenzmarker für die DSP-Analytik."
Lebensmittelchemie 53, 46 (1999)

ISC ‘98; 22nd International Symposium on Chromatography, Roma, Italy, September 13-18, 1998

S. Kastrup, C. Hummert, B. Luckas: „A new method for the HPLC determination of Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP)."
Abstract Book S. 37

M. Ritscher, S. Kastrup, C. Hummert, B. Luckas: „Determination of Tiamulin in animal blood and lung tissue using HPLC with column switching system."
Abstract Book S. 37

C. Hummert, M. Ritscher, K. Reinhard, B. Luckas: „A new method for the HPLC determination of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP)."
Abstract Book S. 38

U. Klobes, R. Bartha, W. Vetter, B. Luckas: „Liquid chromatographic profiles of compounds of technical toxaphene (CTTs)."
Abstract Book, S. 148

M. Weichbrodt, W. Vetter, E. Scholz, B. Luckas: „Application of focussed open-vessel microwave-assisted extraction and gel permeation chromatography for the determination of organochlorines in penguin and skua eggs from the Antarctic."
Abstract Book, S. 149

W. Vetter, U. Klobes, B. Luckas, G. Hottinger: „On the quality of 6-O-tert.-butyldimethylsilylated ß-cyclodextrin for the enantioseparation of compounds of technical toxaphene."
Abstract Book, S. 412

52. Internationaler Kongreß der DGF; 13.-15. September 1998, Magdeburg

A. Batista Ceballos, W. Vetter, M. Weichbrodt, B. Luckas: „Einsatz der mikrowellenunterstützten Extraktion unter Atmosphärendruck zur Bestimmung der Fettsäurezusammensetzung in Fisch und anderen Matrizes."

 

4th International Conference on Toxic Cyanobacteria, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA, Sept. 27 - Oct. 1, 1998

M. Balode, I. Purina, B. Luckas, C. Hummert, U. Zilbere: Toxicological studies of bloom-forming phytoplancton in Latvian lakes.

 

W. Vetter, V. Schurig: Enantioselective determination of chiral organochlorines in biota on modified cyclodextrins by gas chromatography.
Review, J. Chromatogr. A 774, 143-175 (1997)

Approaches to the gas chromatographic enantiomer separation of chiral organochlorines (a-HCH, cis- and trans-chlordane, heptachlor, heptachlorepoxide, oxychlordane, o,p´-DDT, CTTs, and atropisomeric PCBs) are reviewed. Chiral stationary phases based on cyclodextrin derivatives and used for the gas chromatographic enantiomer separation of the chiral organochlorines are described. Enantiomeric ratios (ERs) of chiral organochlorines in technical mixtures and biological samples are reported and discussed.

 

W. Vetter, U. Klobes, B. Luckas, G. Hottinger: Enantiomeric resolution of persistent compounds of technical toxaphene (CTTs) on t-butyldimethylsilylated ß-cyclodextrin.
Chromatographia 45, 255-262 (1997)

Eight of the most important single compounds of technical toxaphene were separated on t-butyldimethylsilylated ß-cyclodextrin (ß-BSCD) diluted in a medium polar phase using gas chromatography with electron capture detectors (GC/ECD). The enantiomeric resolution of all compounds was obtained in one GC run. The ß-BSCD phases also separated the enantiomers of oxychlordane, cis- and trans-chlordane as well as a -HCH. Problems in the enantioselective determination of CTTs in biological samples were discussed. Finally, the enantioselective determination of the two most recalcitrant CTTs in biological samples was achieved using electron capture negative ionization mass spectrometry (GC/ECNI-MS) in the single ion monitoring (SIM) mode.

C. Hummert, M. Ritscher, K. Reinhardt, B. Luckas: Analysis of the characteristic PSP profiles of Pyrodinium bahamese and several strains of Alexandrium by HPLC based in ion-pair chromatographic separation, post-column oxidation, and fluorescence detection.
Chromatographia 45, 311-316 (1997)

A sensitive HPLC method for determination of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) based on ion-pair chromatographic separation of PSP toxins, post-column oxidation with perjodic acid and fluorescence detection was applied for determining toxin profiles in Pyrodinium bahamense and several strains of Alexandrium. The HPLC chromatograms revealed clear differences between Pyrodinium bahamense and Alexandrium strains.

C. Hummert, M. Reichelt, B. Luckas: Automatic HPLC-UV determination of domoic acid in mussels and algae. Chromatographia 45, 284-288 (1997)

A rapid and sensitive automatic method for the determination of domoic acid (DA) using an HPLC device with column-switching system and UV-detection is presented. Interfering peaks caused by protein components from matrices are excluded using an especially designed HPLC-RP column for pre-separation. The method is suitable for both mussel extracts and algae extracts. Sample material is extracted with pure water and the raw extract is injected directly. Application of a column-switching system avoids any further sample clean-up after extraction.

W. Vetter, U. Klobes, B. Luckas, G. Hottinger: Enantiomer separation of selected atropisomeric polychlorinated biphenyls including PCB 144 on tert.-butyldimethylsilylated ß-cyclodextrin.
J. Chromatogr. A 769, 247-252 (1997)

The enantiomer separation of eight atropisomeric polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was studied by application of GC/MS and a chiral stationary phase (CSP). The modified cyclodextrin consisted of 25% tert.-butyldimethylsilylated ß-cyclodextrin (ß-BSCD) in PS086. The enantiomers of seven atropisomeric PCBs were at least partly separated. Five of the enantiomer separated PCB atropisomers had a 2,3,4,6-substitution pattern on one phenyl ring. Emphasis was put on the atropisomer separation of PCB 144 (2,3,4,6,2´,5´-hexachlorobiphenyl) which was not reported before on other CSPs. Several PCB atropisomers not enantiomer separated on permethylated ß-cyclodextrin were enantiomer separated on ß-BSCD. The efficiency of the PCB atropisomer separation on ß-BSCD is complement to permethylated ß-cyclodextrin.

R. Bartha, W. Vetter, B. Luckas: Optimized pressure pulse splitless injection and electron-capture, negative ionization detection for the congener specific determination of compounds oftechnical toxaphene.
Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 358, 812-817 (1997)

The goal of the study was the optimization of the congener specific determination of CTTs. For this reason GC/ECNI-MS and CTT standard mixtures were applied. The splitless injection was improved by pressure pulse injection which yielded significantly higher abundance of the CTTs than by conventional constant flow injection technique. The abundance of low volatile CTTs like B9-1025 (Parlar #62) was increased by factor 3 or more. The pressure pulse injection can easily be integrated in standard (constant flow splitless injection) methods without influencing the retention times and reproducibility. The GC oven program and the flow were optimized for separation of CTTs on a non-polar CP-Sil 2 column. Problems caused by oxygen in the ion source were discussed.

B. Krock, W. Vetter, B. Luckas: PCB / toxaphene group separation on silica prior to congener specific determination of toxaphene in fish and other samples by GC/ECD.
Chemosphere 35, 1519-1530 (1997)

A precise quantification of toxaphene residues of environmental samples by gas chromatography/ electron capture detection (GC/ECD) requires the separation of the bulk of the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from the compounds of technical toxaphene (CTT) fraction. For this reason, a PCB/CTT group separation on silica was developed. B8-1413 (Parlar #26) and B7-515 (Parlar #32) eluted as first and last out of ten important CTT standards, and can be used to determine the elution volume of the CTT fraction on silica. GC/ECD quantification of CTTs was possible after separation of PCBs on 8.0 g activated silica eluted with 48 mL n-hexane followed by quantitative elution of CTTs with n-hexane/toluene (65:35; v/v). This method is a compromise between separation efficiency and consumption of material. Finally, eight CTTs were quantified in cod liver samples from Iceland and the Baltic.

W. Vetter, U. Klobes, B. Krock, B. Luckas, D. Glotz, G. Scherer: Isolation, structure elucidation, and identification of a further major toxaphene compound in environmental samples.
Environ. Sci. Technol. 31, 3023-3028 (1997)

A major compound of technical toxaphene (CTT) was isolated from seal blubber. The structure of the octachlorobornane was elucidated by use of ¹H-NMR and mass spectrometry. The isolate had the structure 2-endo,3-exo,5-endo,6-exo,8,8,9,10-octachlorobornane (B8-1412). By comparison of the ¹H-NMR data of B8-1412 and 2-endo,3-exo,5-endo,6-exo,8b,8c,9c,10a,10c-nonachlorobornane (B9-1679) as well as semiempirical AM1 calculations, the optimal conformation of the substituents at C8, C9, and C10 was predicted to be 2-endo,3-exo,5-endo,6-exo,8b,8c,9c,10c-octachlorobornane. B8-1412 was also identified in the technical mixture Melipax. The enantiomers of B8-1412 were partly resolved by enantioselective gas chromatography with a chiral stationary phase. Furthermore, it was shown that B8-1412 is a major CTT in adipose tissue of penguin and seal. We also proved that another major CTT in biota, is identical with the commercially available 2-exo,5,5,8c,9b,9c,10a,10b-octachlorobornane (B8-2229), as it was suggested earlier on the basis of its retention time on capillary columns with different polarity.

W. Vetter, B. Krock, U. Klobes, B. Luckas: Enantioselective analysis of a heptachlorobornane isolated from the technical product Melipax by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
J. Agric. Food Chem. 45, 4866-4870 (1997)

A heptachloro compound of technical toxaphene (CTT), recently isolated from the technical mixture Melipax, was enantioseparated by application of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with a chiral stationary phase. Using tert.-butyldimethylsilylated ß-cyclodextrin and two different ionization techniques we found the first eluted enantiomer of 2-exo,3-endo,5-exo,9,9,10,10-heptachlorobornane (B7-1453) significantly more abundant. Furthermore, the ER of 1.26 ± 0.03 was reproduced after GC/ECD analysis on another chiral stationary phase, heptakis(6-O-tert.-butyldimethylsilyl-2,3-di-O-methyl)-ß-cyclodextrin. This confirms that B7-1453 was not present in racemic composition in the technical product. At present it is not clear if other technical products also contain B7-1453 and other compounds in nonracemic composition. Several synthesized CTT standards, however, showed racemic composition. In a cod liver extract we determined an ER of 1.0 for B7-1453. Assuming that B7-1453 was present in non-racemic composition in the source of contamination, the ER of 1.0 in the cod liver would have been the result of a faster degradation of the first eluted enantiomer which finally led to an ER of 1.0. If the source of contamination contained B7-1453 in racemic composition, the cod did not degrade B7-1453 enantioselectively. In this case, enantioselective analysis of CTTs in biota may be used to find out the source of contamination.

W. Vetter, B. Luckas, J. Buijten: Elution order of the 209 polychlorinated biphenyls on a high temperature nonpolar capillary column.
J. Chromatogr. A 799, 249-258 (1998)

Retention times of the 209 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined by gas chromatography in combination with electron ionization mass spectrometry on a newly developed staionary phase which was suitable to 380°C. The so-called Thermocap A phase consisted of 50% methyl-50% phenyl polysiloxane which was prepared by using an in situ process. On Thermocap A, the sum of the McReynolds constans was five times lower than on conventional equimolar methyl-phenyl phases distributed with the tradenames CP-Sil 24 or DB-17. The Thermocap A column showed some unique elution orders of PCB congeners. For example, PCB 133 eluted in front of PCB 136 which was not reported on any other stationary phase before. Most of the PCB congeners which are part of national regulations in Europe eluted without interference from the Thermocap A phase. The changed elution order and the high-temperature stability recommends the use of the Thermocap A phase for PCB analyses alone or as a confirmatory column.

W. Vetter, B. Luckas: On the significance of [M-HCl]^- fragment ions in gas chromatography/electron capture negative ionization mass spectra of octachloro compounds of technical toxaphene.
Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom. 12, 312-316 (1998)

The response factors of compounds of technical toxaphene vary significantly in GC/ECNI-MS. The response of 2-endo,3-exo,5-endo,6-exo,8,8,9,10-octachlorobornane (B8-1412) was twice as high as in GC/ECD if compared with 2-endo,3-exo,5-endo,6-exo,8,8,10,10-octachlorobornane (B8-1413). One explanation was found with the simultaneous formation of [M-HCl]^- with the [M-Cl]^- fragment ion which usually dominates the ECNI-MS chromatograms. The significance of [M-HCl]^- fragment ions in the ECNI mass spectra of octachlorobornanes was studied by monitoring of m/z 374 in standards and technical toxaphene. This technique is an interesting tool to identify B8-1413 in complex mixtures.

U. Klobes, W. Vetter, B. Luckas, G. Hottinger: Enantioseparation of compounds of technical toxaphene (CTTs) on 35% heptakis(6-O-tert.-butyldimethylsilyl-2,3-di-O-methyl)-b -cyclodextrin diluted in OV1701.
Chromatographia 47, 565-569 (1998)

The enantioseparation of compounds of technical toxaphene (CTTs) was studied on heptakis(6-O-tert.-butyldimethylsilyl-2,3-di-O-methyl)-b -cyclodextrin (b -TBDM) using gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD). Eight of the nine CTTs under investigation were enantioseparated on this chiral stationary phase. Up to now, enantioseparations of CTTs were only achieved on tert.-butyldimethylsilylated b -cyclodextrin (b -BSCD). The chiral resolution values and separation factors of the tested CTTs were compared with those obtained on b -BSCD. Although several coelutions were observed, the enantioselective determination of three CTTs was possible in an extract of seal blubber. The first eluted enantiomer was enantioenriched in each case. For 2-endo,3-exo,5-endo,6-exo,8,8,9,10-octachlorobornane (B8-1412) the enantioselective accumulation in biota was established for the first time.

B. Luckas.: Einsatz chromatographischer Verfahren mit selektiver Detektion zur Kontrolle von Seafood auf Algtoxine.
GIT-Labor-Fachzeitschrift 5, 482-484 (1998)

Nach dem Verzehr von mit Algentoxinen kontaminierten Meerestieren kann es zu ernsthaften Erkrankungen kommen. Dabei machen sich die Vergiftungen nach Muschelverzehr bei den betroffenen Personen durch sehr unterschiedliche Symptome bemerkbar. In Abhängigkeit von der verursachenden Algenblüte wurden Schädigungen des Nervensystems, des Verdauungstraktes sowie Gedächtnisverlust beobachtet. Auch sind aus einigen Ländern Fisch-Spezialitäten bekannt, die ebenfalls mit den für die jeweiligen Regionen typischen Algentoxinen belastet sein können. Zusätzlich entstand eine nicht zu unterschätzende Gefährdung des Verbrauchers durch die in den letzten Jahren verstärkte Globalisierung des Handels mit marinen Organismen, da es heute üblich ist, Krusten- und Schalentiere weltweit per Schiff zu transportieren, um die Produktion von Seafood bei den Importeuren das ganze Jahr hindurch aufrechtzuerhalten. Deshalb ist bei der Untersuchung von Lebensmitteln mariner Herkunft, die auch eine Analyse auf lebensmittelrechtlich relevante Algentoxine einschließt, eine strikte Beachtung der entsprechenden Vorschriften erforderlich.

R.C. Yu, C. Hummert, B. Luckas, P.Y. Qian, M.J. Zhou: A modified HPLC method for analysis of PSP toxins in algae and shellfish from China.
Chromatographie 48, 671-676 (1998)

Improvements to an established HPLC method are introduced. The modified method is more efficient for separation and detection of the toxins responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). The PSP toxin content of two strains of Alexandrium tamarense and approximately forty shellfish samples collected from different locations in China have been analyzed with this HPLC method. Only one shellfish sample, collected from Lianyungang, China, contained PSP toxins.

W. Vetter: Enantioselektive Bestimmung chiraler Chlorpestizide und PCBs in Meerestieren.
GIT Magazin 42, 992-995 (1998)

Enantioselektive Bestimmungen von Organochlorverbindungen sind ein neues und wissenschaftlich attraktives Forschungsgebiet in der Schadstoffspurenanalytik. Obwohl bei weitem noch nicht alle in Umweltproben erzielten Ergebnisse schlüssig interpretiert werden können, zeigt das bisher geleistete, daß über die enantioselektive Analyse wichtige Erkenntnisse über das Bioverhalten dieser anthropogenen Schadstoffe gewonnen werden können.

W. Vetter, M. Weichbrodt, K. Hummert, D. Glotz, B.Luckas: Combined microwave-assisted extraction and gel permeation chromatography for the determination of chlorinated hydrocarbons in seal blubber and cod livers.
Chemosphere 37 (1998) 2435-2445

A fast and effective sample clean-up procedure for the quantitation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in seal blubber and cod livers is presented. Lipophilic sample ingredients are extracted by application of microwave energy. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was performed with ethyl acetate and cyclohexane as solvent. Without exchange of the solvent, the organochlorine compounds are separated from matrix coextractives by gel permeation chromatography. Traces of matrix remainders were separated on deactivated silica prior to GC/ECD analysis. In this study we focused on quantification of PCB 153, PCB 138, PCB 180, HCB, and p,p´-DDE. In seal blubber, the recovery rates for these organochlorines were >90% for the complete sample clean-up procedure. The standard deviation of the overall-method was within 5%. MAE of cod livers required softer conditions. After optimization of the MAE the organochlorine levels in cod liver were almost identical with those determined with another independent clean-up method.

U. Klobes, W. Vetter, D. Glotz, B. Luckas, K. Skírnisson, P. Hersteinsson: Organochlorine levels and enantiomeric ratios in liver of polar foxes (Alopex lagopus) and liver and adipose tissue of a polar bear (Ursus maritimus) sampled in Iceland.
Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 69, 67-81 (1998)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), oxychlordane, DDT and its metabolites, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), and compounds of technical toxaphene (CTTs) were quantified by gas chromatography and electron capture detection in livers of ten arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) and in liver and adipose tissue of a polar bear (Ursus maritimus) sampled in Iceland. Enantiomeric ratios of oxychlordane and other chiral organochlorines were determined after gas chromatographic enantioseparation on two chiral stationary phases. The organochlorine pattern of the livers of arctic foxes was dominated by oxychlordane. The enantiomeric ratio of oxychlordane was >1 with the exception of the sample with the highest oxychlordane level. This result was confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. PCB congeners and other organochlorines were only lowly abundant. PCB congeners were topped by PCB 180. The samples were from two independent population, one feeding on the marine and the other feeding on the terrestrial food web. Levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons reflected the different food habits of the arctic foxes from coastal and inland habitats. Liver and adipose tissue of the polar bear showed deviating levels and ratios of the contaminants. Oxychlordane and p,p´-DDD were the only compounds found in greater abundance in liver than in adipose tissue. All other compounds were more abundant in adipose tissue. Enantiomeric ratios of oxychlordane, a -HCH, B8-1413 (Parlar #26), and B9-1679 (Parlar #50) were >1 if the compounds detected in the polar bear samples.

 

W. Vetter, G. Scherer: Variety, structures, GC properties, and persistence of compounds of technical toxaphene (CTTs).
Chemosphere 37 (1998) 2521-2539.

General limitations on the variety of chlorinated bornanes due to steric and energetic aspects are presented. The empirical rules were supported by spectroscopic and semiempirical calculations. It was found that a dichloromethyl substituent on C8 requires a 6-exo chlorine atom and a dichloromethyl group on C9 requires a 2-exo chlorine atom. The relevance of energetically optimal conformations on C8, C9, and C10 is discussed. It was shown that the different conformations are not relevant for the nomenclature of polychlorinated bornanes and that atropisomers are not likely to exist at physiological temperatures. On the other hand, the optimal conformers seems to be one of the key factors that lead to persistence.

 

U. Klobes, W. Vetter, B. Luckas, K. Skírnisson, J. Plötz: Levels and enantiomeric ratios of a -HCH, oxychlordane, and PCB 149 in blubber of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) and grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) from Iceland and other species.
Chemosphere 37, 2497-2508 (1998)

The chiral stationary phase ß-TBDM (35% heptakis(6-O-tert.-butyldimethylsilyl-2,3-di-O-methyl)-ß-cyclodextrin in OV-1701) was applied to study the enantioenrichment of a -HCH, oxychlordane, and PCB 149 in blubber of two seal species from Iceland by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The examined habour seals (Phoca vitulina) and grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) showed a -HCH enantiomeric ratios (ER) > 1. The ER of PCB 149 was comparable in the two species from Iceland but for oxychlordane ER < 1 was observed in harbour seals while the oxychlordane ER in grey seals was > 1. In blubber of Weddell seals (Leptonychotes Weddelli) from the Antarctic we determined an a -HCH ER < 1 which is in contrast to the Icelandic seal species and a sample from Lake Baikal.

 

W. Vetter, U. Klobes, B. Luckas, G. Hottinger, G. Schmidt: Determination of (+/-) elution orders of chiral organochlorines by HPLC with a chiral detector and enantioselective gas chromatography.
J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 81, 1245-1251 (1998)

Enantioselective gas chromatography with five modified cyclodextrins was applied to chiral organochlorines. A prerequisite for the determination of gas chromatographic elution order of enantiomers is the availability of enantioenriched standard solutions. In addition to compounds reported before (a -HCH, PCB 174, oxychlordane) we determined the sign of optical rotation of enantioenriched solutions of e-aeee-pentachlorocyclohexene-1 (ß-PCCH), perdeuterated a -HCH (a -PDHCH), perdeuterated ß-PCCH, and the persistent compound of technical toxaphene 2-exo,3-endo,5-exo,9,9,10,10-heptachlorobornane (B7-1453) by HPLC with a chiral detector. An enantioenriched solution of ß-PCCH was obtained by enantioselective degradation of a -HCH with (-)-brucine. In addition to the formation of an enantiomeric excess of (-)-a -HCH we prove formation of enantioenriched (+)-ß-PCCH. In a similar study the perdeuterated analogues of a -HCH, a -PDHCH showed the same behavior with respect to enantioselectivity. Dextrorotation of an enantioenriched solution of B7-1453 was also confirmed by HPLC with a chiral detector. Enantioseparation of chiral organochlorines on five chiral stationary phases resulted in several reversed elution orders. These results support the statement that a careful check of the elution orders of organochlorine enantiomers i necessary prior to the comparison of literature data in order to study enantioselective processes in the environment.

B. Luckas: „Fish as bioindicators for the assessment of the pollution with organochlorines." in: C. Susanne and L. Gallé (eds.): „Ecotechnie and Sustainable Development." Officina Nyomda, Szeged, Hungary, 1998, ISBN 963 482 2835

L. K. Medlin, C. Schütt, M. Elbrächter, W. E. G. Müller, H. P. Görtz, B. Luckas: „The Development and Occurrence/Distribution of Toxicity in Eucariotic/ Procariotic Assemblages." in: D. M. Anderson, A. D. Cembella, G. M. Hallegraeff (eds.): „Physiological Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms." Springer-Verlag New-York Inc., New York, NY 10010; USA, 1998 ISBN 3-540-64117-3

W. Vetter, B. Luckas: „Marine Organisms as Bioindicators for the Assessment of the Global Pollution with Organochlorines". in: W. E. G. Müller (ed.): „Modern aspects in monitoring of environmental pollution in the sea." „Schriften der Akademie gemeinnütziger Wissenschaften zu Erfurt, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse", Sitzungsberichte 8, 159-176, 1997

lb lh

Nationale und Interationale Gremientätigkeit/Mitgliedschaften

• Vorsitzender des Prüfungsausschusses der Landestierärztekammer Thüringen
• Mitglied des Ausschussses für Fort- und Weiterbildung der LTK Thüringen
• Mitglied der TLAG „FSME, Borreliose und andere durch Zecken übertragbare Erkrankungen"
• stell. Vorsitzender des Haushaltsausschusses der Biologisch-Pharmazeutischen Fakultät

• Prof. R. Behl, Universität Hisar, Indien, (FAO)
• Hector Aguilar, MSc., La Lima, Honduras (DAAD)
• M. Zupan, Soil-Chem., Ljubljana, Slowenien (gemeinsam mit Prof. Einax, EU-Förderung)
• Prof. A. Keresteš, Budapest (DAAD)
• Prof. J. De Piere, Antwerpen (EU-Initiative)
• Prof. Ivanov, Moskau (EU-Projekt)
• Prof. Obrucheva, Moskau (EU-Projekt)
• Dr. Sobotik, Gumpenstein, (EU-Projekt)
• Norsk Hydro-Wissenschaftlergruppe (Oslo, s. Hydro-Agri-Europa-Workshop)
• Prof. P.Tijskens, Wageningen (EU-Projekt)
• Zwei Studenten Tempus- Programm, mehrwöchiges Praktikum
• Weitere DAAD-Anträge wurden wegen Umzugs verschoben

geförderte Projekte

Thema: Induktion von Streßtoleranz bei Pflanzen
Zeitraum: 1990-1998

Thema: Streßindikation bei Pflanzen
Zeitraum: 1996-1998, Fortsetzung 1999-2001

Thema: Root growth as indicator of different environmental damages with special regard of preservation of vegetation and the quality of plant products (Jena Koordinator, Partner aus Moskau und Gumpenstein, Österreich)
Zeitraum: 1994-2000

Thema: Entwicklung von Grundlagen zu Sanierungstechniken für schwermetall- bzw. radionuklidkontaminierte Böden durch Nutzung des Transfers der Kontaminanten in Pflanzenbiomassen
Zeitraum: 1998-2001

Thema: Bioverfügbarkeit typischer Schadelemente in der Uranbergbau-Folgelandschaft und ihre Konsequenzen für die Neubildung biogener Schadstoffe in der Pflanze und Nahrungsketten
Zeitraum: 1997-1999

Thema: Sekundärmetabolitenbildung in Nahrungspflanzen und Biotransfer von toxischen Elementen und Radionukliden
Zeitraum: 1997-1999

Thema:Genotyp- und wirkstoffabhängige Beeinflussung der Streßtoleranz bei Hordeum vulgare mit Auswirkungen auf den sekundären N-Stoffwechsel und die Produktqualität
Zeitraum: 1996-1998

Thema:Auffindung und gezielte Kombination naturidentischer Verbindungen zur Verbesserung der Pflanzenwiderstandskraft und Qualität von Nahrungsmittelrohstoffen, Förderung durch Thüringer Ministerium für Wirtschaft (Biotechnologieprogramm)
Zeitraum: 1996-1998

Thema:Veränderung der Kartoffelqualität durch UV-Strahlung und durch Veränderung der chemischen Zusammensetzung der Atmosphäre (Global-Change-Faktoren), Teil: Sekundäre Pflanzenstoffe. (Koordinierung Gießen)
Zeitraum: 1998-2001

Thema: Selentranfer im System Boden-Nahrungspflanze
Zeitraum: 1996-1998

Thema:Gentechnische Begleitforschung zur "Libertygen"-Auskreuzung,

Innerhalb der Universität:

• Mitglied des Ausbildungsausschusses der Fakultät, H. Bergmann
• Mitglied des Prüfungsausschusses der Fakultät, H. Bergmann

Außerhalb der Universität:

• Vizepräsident der Angewandten Botanik seit 1996 (Wiederwahl) , H. Bergmann
• Vizepräsident der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Qualitätsforschung seit 1998, H. Bergmann
• Beiratsmitglied der Intern. Soc. Sustainable Agriculture and Resource Management (Delhi) , H. Bergmann
• Beiratsmitglied im Ausschuß für Hochschule/Bildung des VDL (Bonn) und des VAFB-Thüringens, H. Bergmann
• Mitglied der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pflanzenernährung, H. Bergmann
• Mitglied der New York Academy of Science und der AAAS, H. Bergmann

Abgeschlossene Dissertationen

Bruß, Alexandra: Untersuchungen zum Haushalt und zum Transfer von Selen im System Boden-Pflanze an einigen nord- und ostdeutschen Standorten

Abgeschlossene Diplomarbeiten

Braun, A.: Kultivierung des tropischen, skletorienbildenden Pilzes Lenitus(Pleurotus) tubberregium (Fr.) auf Reststoffen (Getreidestroh) und Möglichkeiten der Nutzung für die Nahrungs- und Futtermittelherstellung (angefertigt im FAL Braunschweig)

Ebert, M.: Identifizierung der ätherischen Öle ausgewählter Pflanzenarten mit zitronenartigem Aroma und deren sensorischer Bewertung als Teedrogen (gemeinsam mit Bundesanstalt für Züchtungsforschung Quedlinburg und Pharmaplant)

Fährmann, A.: Einfluß differenzierter Klärschlammgaben auf den Schwermetalltransfer in Nahrungs- und Futtermittel

Feige, H.: Horizontdifferenzierte Bestimmung der Gehalte und Pflanzen-verfügbarkeit von Schwermetallen an Wald- und Grünlandstandorten

Grimmer, U.: Wirkung von Preharvestbedingungen auf qualitätsbestimmende Inhaltsstoffe der Tomate

Harthun, U.: In vitro Untersuchungen zur Metabolisierung von Zearalerion nach Inkubation mit Pansensaft unter unterschiedlichen Inkubationsbedingungen (angefertigt im FAL Braunschweig)

Koch, B.: Untersuchung der Verfügbarkeit von pedogenem und appliziertem Selen in tonmineral- und humusreichen Böden

Matthes, B.: Einfluß der Sorten und des Standortes auf die Qualität der Hanfsaat Cannabis sativa (gemeinsam mit TLL)

Niemann, K.: Untersuchungen zum Aluminiumtransfer in Nahrungspflanzen

Schorcht, K.: Einfluß von Trockenheit auf die Bildung von Glycinbetain und Trigonellin in vegetativen und generativen Pflanzenorganen von Gerste

Seidel, C.: Bestimmung des Gehaltes von Nähr- und Schadelementen in Cladophora glomerata sowie deren Bedeutung für Ernährung und Umwelt

Spitzer, A.: Topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus) Anbau, Inhaltsstoffe und Verwertung, (gemeinsam mit TLL)

Prinzhausen, J.: Die nutritiven Potentiale der Grünalge Cladophora glomerata im Vergleich zum ernährungsphysiologischen Bedarf des Menschen

Arbeitsaufenthalte im Ausland

• Beratungen zu Arbeitsprogramm: Streßreaktionen, Streßabschwächung bei Pflanzen, Qualitätsänderung in Pflanzenprodukten, Schwermetall-Lokalisierung und physiologische Reaktionen von Pflanzen auf Schwermetalle/ Weitere Gespräche über Mitgliedschaften Moskauer Pflanzenphysiologen "Angewandte Botanik", EU-Förderung, RAS (Rus. Acad. Sci.) Moskau; H. Bergmann, Herbst 1997
• Schwermetalleinfluß auf Wurzelmorphologie und Produktqualität von Nahrungspflanzen (EU-INTAS), Bundesanstalt Landwirtschaft, Gumpenstein/Österreich; H. Bergmann, H. Unger, 1998
• Biotechnisches Instrumentarium zur Aufklärung und Abschwächung von Streßzuständen in Nahrungspflanzen/Biotechnische Verfahren zur Streßabschwächung und Qualitätssicherung in Nahrungspflanzen. Beiratssitzung der Intern. Soc. Sustain. Agric. and Resource Management (SSARM), Goethe Gesellschaft, Delhi, Univ. Palampur, Univ. Hisar, Indien; H. Bergmann 1998, Delegation: EU und Nordamerika (FAO-gefördert)
• DFG-geförderter Arbeitsaufenthalt am Institut für Geochemie (Vinogradov-Institut) Der Russischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Irkutsk vom 18. 08. – 28. 08. 98, B. Machelett
• Internationaler Workshop zu Streßtoleranzinduktion für Wissenschaftler von Norsk-Hydro, Hydro-Agri Europa aus Norwegen, Großbritannien, Niederlande, Belgien, Deutschland; Wissenschaftliche Gestaltung H. Bergmann; Gastgeber: Hydro-Agri-Europa, Dülmen

Gastvorlesungen

Bergmann, H.: Bodenkunde für Biologen/Ökologen, Studiengang Biologie/Diplom, WS 97/98, WS 98/99, 1 Stunde Pflichtvorlesung, 1 Stunde fakultative Übungen

Bergmann, H.: "Plant response to heavy metals" Kolloquiumsvortrag in der Landwirtschaftlichen Bundesanstalt Gumpenstein Oesterreich, Februar 1998

 

Beiträge auf wissenschaftlichen Veranstaltungen

Intern. Conference (FAO,SSARM) Sustainable Agriculture and Resource Management., Hisar/Indien, Nov. 1998

Bergmann, H., Lippmann, B., Leinhos, V., Dautz, S., Machelett, B.: Basic and applied research to improve stress tolerance in plants.

XXXIII.Vortragstagung Deutsche Gesellschaft für Qualitätsforschumg (Nahrungsmittel), Dresden, März 1998

Bergmann, H.: "Einfluß einer Streßresistenz- und Streßtoleranzaktivierung auf die Qualität von Pflanzenprodukten"

Wissenschaftliche Konferenz "Sustainable Agriculture in Hill Regions", Palampur/Indien, Oktober 1998

Bergmann, H., Lippmann, B., Tiroke, S., Leinhos, V.: "Improvement of water use efficiency and nitrogen efficiency in stressed plants by amine treatments"

17. Arbeitstagung Mengen- und Spurenelemente, Jena, Dez. 1997

Bruß, A., Becker, K.W., Bergmann, H., Machelett, B., Meyer, B.: Aspekte der Verteilung des Selens in Boden und Getreide.

VDLUFA-Tagung Gießen, Sept. 1998

Domey, S., Reinhardt, D., Bergmann, H.: Vergleich der Protein-, Back- und hygienischen Qualität von Winterweizen bei konventioneller und ökologischer Landbewirtschaftung.

Domey, S., Hüttl, S., Bergmann, H.: Vergleich der Pruduktqualität von Futtererbsen aus konventionellem und ökologischem Landbau.

Second International Conference "Agri Food Quality II" in Turku, Finnland -April 1998

Machelett, B., Metz, R. und Bergmann, H.: Comparision of heavy metal uptake in different vegetables.

"International Conference on Metallogeny, Fuel Resources and Geodynamics of the North Asean Craton and Framing Orogenic Belt" in Irkutsk August 1998

Machelett, B., Metz, R. und Bergmann, H.: Plant related differences in the uptake and translocation of heavy metals.

Botanikertagung 1998, Bremen, September 1998

Friedrich, Y., Rahn, K., Lippmann, B. und Bergmann, H.: Untersuchungen zur Indikation von Bodenbelastungen anhand der Gehalte freier Aminosäuren in der Quecke (Agropyron repens L.).

 

Publikationen:

referierte Zeitschriften

Sammelbände:

Bücher, Broschüren

Tariku Woldegabriel, BSc, Universität Gezira (Sudan): Forschungskurzaufenthalt im Rahmen des Sur-Place-Stipendienprogramms (September 98 bis März 99)

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Thema: Stoffpermeation proteinstabilisierter Grenzflächen in multiplen Emulsionen (Mu 1054/4-2)
Zeitraum: seit 1.4.1998

Forschungskreis der Ernährungsindustrie/AiF

Thema: Fettmulgierung in Milchprodukten mittels mikroporöser Membranen (AiF-FV 11027 B)
Zeitraum: 1.12.1996 – 31.12.1998

Thema: Einfluß von Lecithinprodukten auf die Eigenschaften proteinstabilisierter Lebensmittelemulsionen (AiF-FV 11568 B)
Zeitraum: seit 1.7.1998

 

Nationale und Interationale Gremientätigkeit/Mitgliedschaften

• Mitglied des Interdisziplinären Fo.-Zentrums Biopolymere der Univ. Potsdam;
• Mitglied des wiss. Beirates des Interdisziplinären Fo.-Zentrums Dünne Organische und Biochemische Schichten der Univ. Potsdam;
• Stellv. Vorsitzender des Fo.-Inst. Bioaktive Polymersysteme e.V., Teltow (bis 10/98);
• Mitglied der Gesellschaft Deutscher Lebensmitteltechnologen e.V.;
• Mitglied des Vereins Brandenburger Ingenieure und Wirtschaftler;
• Mitglied der Norwich Legume Group (NORLEG);

25^th International Dairy Congress, September 1998 Aarhus, Dänemark

Scherze, I. Marziler, K., Fischer, J., Bindrich, U. and G. Muschiolik: Membran Emulsification - Influence on Interface Protein Composition.

Intern. Conference on Food System Functionality, Juni 1998 , Atlanta, USA

Scherze,I., K. Marzilger u. G. Muschiolik: The Surface Behaviour of Different Milk Proteins in O/W-Systems Prepared by Micro Porous Glass (MPG) Emulsification.

DRAGOCO-Seminar, Holzminden, Mai 1998

Muschiolik, G.: Grenzflächeneigenschaften von Proteinen und neue Ergebnisse zur Herstellung multipler Emulsionen.

Seminar GDL-Fachgruppe Studierende, Jena, Mai 1998

Muschiolik, G.: Multiple Emulsionen als Beispiel für ein neues Produkt und die Entwicklung von Prozeßstrukturen der wirtschaftlichen Herstellung.

Intern. Symposium on Food Science and Technology, April 1998, Dallas, USA

Muschiolik, G., I. Scherze and K. Marzilger: Emulsifying Properties of Milk Proteins Using Micro Porous Glass (MPG) Emulsification.

Internat. Conference on Food Emulsions and Foams - Inferfaces, Interactions and Stability, März 1998, Sevilla, Spanien

Scherze, I., Marzilger, K., and G. Muschiolik: Emulsification using micro porous glass MPG): Surface behaviour of milk proteins.

Scherze I., Marzilger, K. u. Muschiolik, G.: Emulgierung von Fetten in Mager- und Buttermilch durch mikroporöses Glas.
Deutsche Milchwirtschaft 49 (1998) 656-669.

Aus den bisherigen Ergebnissen geht hervor, daß es mittels der Membranemulgierung bzw. ohne Einbringung hoher Scherenergie möglich ist, protein-stabilisierte Emulsionen mit definiertem Öltropfenbereich (ab d₃₂ > 2 µm) herzustellen. Die Öltropfengröße der Emulsionen wird insbesondere durch die Porosität des Glases, die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der kontinuierlichen Phase und die transmembrane Druckdifferenz bestimmt. Unter optimalen Bedingungen entspricht die oberflächenbezogene durchschnittliche Partikelgröße (d₃₂) der Emulsionen dem 10fachen der durchschnittlichen Porengröße. Durch die Bildung von Emulsionstropfen mittels Mikroporen werden scherempfindliche Inhaltsstoffe der kontinuierlichen Phase bei der Herstellung von Dispersions- bzw. Emulsionssystemen wesentlich weniger beansprucht. Da keine unbekannte Denaturierung der Proteine während der Emulgierung auftritt, ist ein gezielter Aufbau der Grenzfläche eher möglich. Das eröffnet die Chance zur besseren Nutzung der Milchproteinfraktionen und zur besseren Steuerung der Technofunktionalität von Milchinhaltsstoffen. Die weiteren Untersuchungen konzentrieren sich auf den Aufbau unterschiedlich scherstabiler Grenzflächen aus Milchinhaltsstoffen und auf den Vergleich der Gelbildungseigenschaften der Milchproteine in Emulsionssystemen unter Einsatz unterschiedlicher Emulgiertechnik.

Publizierte Abstracts

Muschiolik, G., Scherze, I. and Marzilger, K.: Emulsifying Properties of Milk Proteins Using Micro Porous Glass (MPG) Emulsification.
Proceedings of the Abstracts of 1998 International Conference on Food Science and Technology, Dallas, 1998.

Scherze,I., Marzilger, K. and Muschiolik, G.: The Surface Behaviour of Different Milk Proteins in O/W-Systems Prepared by Micro Porous Glass (MPG) Emulsification.
Book of Abstracts of 1998 International Conference of Food System Functionality, Atlanta, 1998, S.16.

Scherze, I., Marzilger, K., and Muschiolik, G.: Emulsification using micro porous glass MPG): Surface behaviour of milk proteins.
Abstracts of the Symposium FOOD EMULSIONS AND FOAMS, Seville, 1998, S.119.

Bücher

Günsel, S., Rawel, H.M. and Muschiolik, G.: Influence of denaturation on pea protein emulsions, in "Plant Proteins from European Crops.
Food and Non-Food Applications", ed. by J. Gueguen and Y. Popineau, Springer-Verlag,1998, 248-250.

The physicochemical properties of two pea protein products were compared in this study. Thermal behaviour and denaturation status were estimated using DSC and molecular weight determination under different conditions. The positive effect of preheating and the influence of acidification during emulsion preparation are shown. Changes in the functional properties of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions were monitored by particle size distribution, emulsion stability and rheology.

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