Bibliographie
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COLLECTIONS OF Oriental
COINS IN GERMANY Stefan Heidemann Islamic
coins are designed to be objects of art but at the same time they are textual
documents with political and religious formulae. Their design is influenced
by a wholly different set of conditions which plays no role in the design of
other objects of Islamic art: the currency system, their legal validity
according to Islamic law, conservative cultural expectations towards the
design of money which influenced their acceptance, the respective technical
procedures of a mass product, manufactured on the principle of the division
of labour, the political message as well as the administrative structures
which lay behind all these factors. Classical Islamic law saw gold and silver
coins as absolute equivalents, meaning legal money. Copper coins were only
money under certain conditions. They had a different, variously defined,
juridical position in the currency systems as tokens. This special status
allowed for greater freedom in the design of copper coins than was permitted
with precious metal coins. Islamic
coins are characterised above all as the bearers of texts of up to 150 words.
The inscriptions on the coins struck during the first six and a half
centuries of Islam - a period for which we have, with few exceptions, no
other primary historical documents – often mention from three to five names,
providing the names and titles of the whole hierarchy of power - from the
local governor up to the caliph. They usually state the town where the coin
was minted, sometimes more precisely the quarter, then the year of minting,
sometimes even noting the month and the day. Religious legends give hints of
the political orientation of the ruler. In Islamic history the inclusion of
the name of the ruler in the coin protocol and in the Friday prayers served
as proof that he actually ruled. They had an identical juridical and
political value. Mention in the Friday prayers, however, was purely verbal,
on coins the protocol can be found permanently stored on a metal object that
was frequently reproduced. Islamic copper coins could also offer a wealth of
images of mythical creatures, humans, flora and fauna which are still not
fully understood. The Period of the
Theology of the Enlightenment
After a
centuries of mere curiosity on Oriental coins appearing in collections from
the time of the renaissance, Islamic numismatics started as an offspring of
theology in the eighteenth century. In 1724, the orientalist Georg Jacob Kehr
(1692 - 1740) from Leipzig wrote the first monograph on Islamic numismatics
which described a hoard of Islamic coins found near Gdansk. Richard
Ettinghausen regarded this monograph as marking the beginning of Islamic
archaeology (Ettinghausen, R.:
Islamic Art and Archeology. In: T. Cuyler Young (ed.): Near Eastern Culture and Society, Princeton 1951, 17-47, esp.
21). By the end of the 18th century, in the period of the theology of the
Enlightenment, a scientific discourse had come into being in Germany
conducted by Protestant theologians who were both interested in historical
matters and able to read Arabic. Their interest was often initially aroused
by Islamic coins found in their native regions, usually around the Baltic
Sea. These dated mainly from the tenth century, a period when the Vikings had
established trade contacts with the core lands of the Islamic empire and then
with Central Asia. The first
specialised collections were also formed in the time of the theology of the
Enlightenment. In 1794, the theologian and orientalist Oluf Gerhard Tychsen
(1734 - 1815) of Rostock published his Introductio
in rem numariam muhammedanorum, the first scholarly manual of Islamic
numismatics. Tychsen’s collection is still part of the university collection
in Rostock. His colleague in Göttingen, Thomas Christian Tychsen (1758 -
1834), was able to build up the Oriental holdings of the university
collections with the assistance of generous patrons, in particular alumni
living in imperial Russia. The Era of Philology of
Oriental Languages
In
Germany, the second and third decades of the nineteenth century saw a new
kind of Oriental scholarship emerge, emancipating itself from theological
studies. A generation of young scholars fostered this change. Most had
studied at the École speciale de
langues orientales vivantes in Paris with Antoine Isaac Silvestre de Sacy
(1758 - 1838). He established Oriental studies as the philology of Oriental
languages and liberated these studies from their previous spiritual and
institutional dependence on theology. From now on, the major task of Oriental
philology was seen as the collection of textual sources of all kinds, not
only manuscripts, but also papyri, inscriptions and coins. Many of the
students of Silvestre de Sacy included numismatic studies among their
publications. In 1840
one of his students, Johann Gustav Stickel (1805 - 1896), was able to found
the Grand-Ducal Oriental Coin Cabinet in Jena with the financial support of
the Grand-Ducal house in Weimar. He served as its director and as Professor
for Near Eastern Languages in Jena up to his death. At this time, the Grand-Ducal
Oriental Coin Cabinet was the only specialised research institution of its
kind. The eighteen forties and fifties in Germany saw the climax of academic
research on numismatic sources within the scope of Oriental studies, measured
by the number of authors and articles appearing in the Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, the
monographs published and the private collections formed. In the
eighteen sixties and the seventies Islamic numismatics stagnated and interest
in the field began to decrease as the generation of students of Silvestre de
Sacy in Germany were replaced by younger scholars. From the sixties onwards
the collections formed by the older generation of orientalists entered
universities and public coin cabinets. For example, in 1866 the collection of
Frédéric Soret (1795 - 1865) came to Jena, in 1867 the collection of Ernst
Meier (1811 - 1866) to the University of Tübingen, in 1873 - after detours -
the collection of Otto Blau (1826 - 1879) to the university library in Leipzig,
in 1888 that of Heinrich Leberecht Fleischer (1801 - 1888) to the library of
the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft in Halle. A New Collection in
Berlin and the End of Islamic Numismatics after WWI
In 1877
the collection of the British officer Seton Guthrie of about 15,000 specimens
was the new starting point for the development of the Oriental holdings in
the Royal Coin Cabinet in Berlin. The young orientalist Adolph Erman (1854 -
1937) was hired for this task. He was the first who invented the ordering of
a collection according to mint and dates instead of the order by dynasties,
but for him the coin cabinet was only one stop in his career to a
professorship of Egyptology, which he obtained in 1883. In spite of the
considerably enlarged material base, Islamic numismatics in Germany did not
make a new start. In 1896 with the death of Johann Gustav Stickel, studies on
Oriental coins at German universities came to an end for nearly a century.
Erman’s successor in Berlin, Stickel’s student Heinrich Nützel (1863 - 1934),
ceased publishing after the First World War. This was also the end of
Oriental numismatics in public coin collections for the time being. Oriental Collections
Between Philology and Numismatics
Since the
middle of the nineteenth century the humanities had diversified more and
more, to the disadvantage of the Islamic numismatics. On the numismatic side
the linguistic competence to put the information into its proper historical
context was absent and knowledge of numismatic methods was lacking on the
part of orientalists. Only a few orientalists at the end of the 19th century
still worked with numismatic sources. For this
reason attempts to revive Islamic numismatics after the Second World War by
numismatic institutions in the former Federal Republic of Germany and the
German Democratic Republic failed. In 1949 the acquisition of the above
mentioned collection of Frédéric Soret (4,010 specimens) by the Bavarian
State Collection in Munich might have
allowed a fresh start. Being originally only a loan of the Grand-Ducal
house, Soret’s collection had been returned to it by the University of Jena
in 1939. In 1969 the person in charge for the Oriental collection at Munich,
the classical archaeologist and art historian Peter Jaeckel (1914 - 1996),
was promoted to be the director of the Army Museum in Ingolstadt. Work on the
Oriental part in Munich stopped. The Revival of Islamic
Numismatics in Germany
The
revival of Islamic numismatics in Germany as an academic subject came about
on the initiative of the Oriental institutes of the universities. Now, due to
a new self-definition as an interdisciplinary regional subject, historical
Islamic studies were in search of new research tools. In 1990 a research unit
for Islamic numismatics was founded at the University of Tübingen. An
American private collection of about 30,000 specimens was purchased by the
Volkswagen Stiftung as a base. In 1994 the chair of Semitic Philology and
Islamic Studies was established at the University of Jena after a vacancy of
75 years. Since then, the former Grand-Ducal Oriental Coin Cabinet has been
reconstituted and made available for study. Both collections have since
almost doubled in number and quality - Tübingen about 65,000 and Jena about
15,000 coins - in each case with the support of an active circle of private
patrons and sponsors. In spite of the renewed importance of Islamic
numismatics not only for historical research, but also for art history and
archaeology, no other German Islamic coin collections are now curated by an
orientalist. Efforts were made, however, by Tübingen and Jena to survey other
medium-sized Oriental collections from the 19th century and to make them
again accessible for researchers. The Material Base
The
material base of Islamic numismatics has multiplied substantially world wide
in the last quarter of the last century. In Germany alone, 135,400 Oriental
coins at least are available for study in public collections, including
30,600 Indian coins and in addition at least 24,600 East Asian coins. Today
Islamic numismatics is in the position of
possessing a rich supply of material evidence from many places and
periods of the Islamic world which can be "read" parallel to the
historical tradition and be "seen" parallel to the development of
Islamic art. Due to the ambivalent nature of coins both being textual
documents as well as miniature works of art there is no permanent exhibition
of Islamic coins in Germany. As in any archive, the visitor usually has to
make an appointment to see the coins on a one to one basis. General
Literature
Heidemann, Stefan (2000): Islamische Numismatik in
Deutschland. In: Heidemann, Stefan (ed.) 2000: Islamische Numismatik in Deutschland - eine Bestandsaufnahme (Jenaer
Beiträge zum Vorderen Orient 2), Wiesbaden 2000. (cited below as Heidemann 2000).Mayer, Leo
Ari: Bibliography of Moslem Numismatics
India Excepted (Oriental Translation Fund 35), 2nd revised
edition, London 1954. Collections The
informations are collected from the literature and by direct inquiries at the
respective institutions about their Islamic Oriental holdings. Due to the
specific organisation of each collection sometimes Indian and East Asian
coins are included, sometimes are not. Only where additional informations
about East Asian coins were available, these were given as well. The
literature is by no means complete, but an introduction into the coin
collections and their Oriental holdings. Abbreviations
Cat.: Catalogues of at least a significant part
of the Oriental coins within the collections. Lit.: Monographs or articles about the history of the collection either in general - containing some informations about the Oriental coins - or - if available - in particular about the Oriental holdings. ZDMG: Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft.
Collections with more than 10,000 Islamic coins Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preußischer Kulturbesitz – Münzkabinettdirector:
Prof. Dr. Bernd Kluge Bodestrasse 1-3, D-10178 Berlin tel. and fax: +49 (30) 20905701, 20905702 (fax) e-mail: mk@smb.spk-berlin.de http://www.smb.spk-berlin.de/mk/index.html ca. 20,000
Islamic, 10,000 Indian, 5,000 East Asian coins. It includes the collection of
Peter Philipp Adler (1726 - 1814), Heinrich Friedrich von Diez
(1751 - 1817), Georg Bühler (1837 - 1898; 1,233 Indian coins),
Seton Guthrie (bought in 1876; 15,000 coins, mostly Indian), Andreas David
Mordtmann der Ältere (1811 - 1879), Eduard Glaser (1855-1908, 14
Himyarite and 85 Arabic mostly Rasulid coins, acquired 1886) and a part of
the almost lost Oriental coins from the Coin Cabinet in Gotha (acquired in
1935; 60 coins, see below). Substantial in number are 10,000 Abbasid coins
from the Babylon hoard (tpq 204/819-20) excavated by Richard Koldewey which
entered the collection in 1926. Friedländer, Julius - Sallet, Alfred von: Das königliche Münzkabinet. Geschichte und Übersicht der Sammlung nebst erklärender Beschreibung der auf Schautischen ausgelegten Auswahl, 2nd revised edition, Berlin 1877. Cat.: Nützel, Heinrich: Katalog der orientalischen Münzen 1. Die Münzen der östlichen Kalifen, Berlin 1898. -, Katalog der orientalischen Münzen 2. Die Münzen der muslimischen Dynastieen Spaniens und des westlichen Nordafrika, Berlin 1902. -, Münzen
der Rasuliden nebst einem Abriss
der Geschichte dieser jemenischen Dynastie, Berlin 1891. [mostly from Eduard Glaser (1905 -
1908) acquired during his Yemen expeditions]. Eight of these coins entered
the Oriental Coin Cabinet in Jena]. Reprint and Translation: Coins of the Rasulids Comprising a
Synopsis of the History of that Yemenite Dynasty, Mainz 1987. Pertsch, Wilhelm: Bericht über eine Sammlung indischer Münzen. In: ZDMG 25 (1871) 605-617, 2 plates. [collection Georg Bühler]. Simon, Hermann: Die sasanidischen Münzen des Fundes
von Babylon. Ein Teil des bei Koldeweys Ausgrabungen im Jahr 1900 gefundenen
Münzschatzes. In: Acta Iranica 12 (Textes et Mémoires 5,
Varia 1976), Leiden 1977, 149-337. Orientalisches Münzkabinett der Universität Jenadirector: Prof. Dr. Norbert Nebes, coordination: Priv.-Doz. Dr. Stefan Heidemann Sellierstr. 6, D-07745 Jena tel. and
fax: +49 (3641) 944850, 944864, 944852 (fax) e-mail: gnn@uni-jena.de, 7hest@uni-jena.de http://www2.uni-jena.de/philosophie/iskvo/omj.htm ca.
14,000 Islamic, 1,100 East Asian coins. It includes the collection Heinrich
August Zwick (1796 - 1855; 1,500 coins), a selection of the collection von
Sprewitz (bought 1846; 175 coins); Justin Sabatier (bought 1852; 728 coins),
August Otto Rühle von Lilienstern (1780 - 1847; 870 coins), part of
the collection of Frédéric Soret (1795 - 1865; ca. 1,000 coins, see
also Bavarian State Collection, Munich), Heinrich von Siebold (1852 - 1908;
343 East Asian coins and amuletts), Peter Jaeckel (1914 - 1996; 1,200 coins)
and Christof Baum (donated 2003; 307 Yemenite coins). Lit.: Heidemann, Stefan: Orientalistik und Orientalische Numismatik in Jena. In: Heidemann (2000) 87-106. -, Bibliothek des Großherzoglichen Orientalischen Münzkabinetts. In: Friedhilde Krause (general ed.) - Felicitas Marwinski (ed.): Handbuch der Historischen Buchbestände in Deutschland 20. Thüringen H-R, Hildesheim, Zürich, New York 1999, 162-163. -, Maria Pawlowna und der Umbruch in der Orientalistik. - Die Gründung des Großherzoglichen Orientalischen Münzkabinetts. In: Stiftung Weimarer Klassik und Kunstsammlungen (ed.): »Ihre Kaiserliche Hoheit« Maria Pawlowna. Zarentochter am Weimarer Hof, Weimar 2004, 313-328. Vollers, Karl: Das orientalische Münzkabinett der Universität Jena im Jahre 1906. In: Blätter für Münzfreunde 41/6 (1906), cols 3515-3524, 41/7-8 (1906), cols 3529-3537. Cat.: Heidemann, Stefan - Sode, Claudia: Christlich-orientalische Bleisiegel im Orientalischen Münzkabinett Jena. In: Aram 11-12 (1999-2000) 533-593. Mayer, Tobias: Sylloge der Münzen des Kaukasus und Osteuropa im Orientalischen Münzkabinett Jena (Orientalisches Münzkabinett Jena 1), Wiesbaden 2005. Stickel, Johann Gustav: Handbuch zur morgenländischen Münzkunde. Das grossherzogliche orientalische Münzcabinet zu Jena, erstes Heft, Omajjaden- und Abbasiden-Münzen, Leipzig 1845. -, Handbuch zur Orientalischen Münzkunde. Das grossherzogliche orientalische Münzcabinet zu Jena. Zweites Heft, älteste Muhammedanische Münzen bis zur Münzreform des Abdulmelik's, Leipzig 1870. -, Handbuch der
morgenländischen Münzkunde, Leipzig 1975. [reprint of the parts of 1845 and 1870]. Forschungsstelle für Islamische Numismatik der Universität Tübingendirector: Dr. Lutz Ilisch Wilhelmstrasse 26, D-72074 Tübingen tel. and fax : +49 (7071) 2978532, 295387 (fax) e-mail: lutz.ilisch@uni-tuebingen.de http://www.uni-tuebingen.de/orientsem/fint/fint1.html ca.
65,000 Oriental Coins, including 12,600 Indian coins. It includes the
collection of Ernst Meier (1811 - 1866; 700 coins), Stephen Album
(bought 1988; ca. 30,000 coins), Lutz Ilisch (7,000 coins), Jean-Louis Thau
(bought 1996; 2,371 coins) and a part of the collection Hans Herrli (3,200
coins). Lit: Ilisch, Lutz: Silber des Kalifen auf dem Hippie-Trail. In: Tübinger Blätter (1992-3) 71-75. -, Die Tübinger Sammlung Orientalischer Münzen. In: Stefan Heidemann (2000) 129-137. Cat.: Ilisch, Lutz: Sylloge
Numorum Arabicorum Tübingen. Palästina, IVa Bilad as-Sam I, Tübingen 1993. Korn, Lorenz: Sylloge
Numorum Arabicorum Tübingen. Hamah, IVc Bilad as-Sam III, Berlin 1998. Mayer, Tobias: Sylloge Numorum Arabicorum Tübingen. Nord- und Ostzentralasien, XVb Mittelasien II, Tübingen, Berlin 1998. Schwarz, Florian: Sylloge Numorum Arabicorum Tübingen. Gazna/Kabul, XIV d Hurasan IV, Tübingen, Berlin 1995. -, Sylloge Numorum Arabicorum Tübingen. Balh und die Landschaften am oberen Oxus, XIV c Hurasan III, Tübingen, Berlin 2002.
Collections between 5,000 and 10,000 Oriental coins
Sammlung Köhler-Osbahr as part of the Köhler-Osbahr-Stiftung zur Förderung von Kunst und Wissenschaft im Kultur- und Stadthistorischen Museum Duisburg deputy
director: Ralf H. Althoff M.A. Johannes-Corputius-Platz
1, D-47049 Duisburg tel. and
fax: +49 (203) 2832647, 2834352 (fax) e-mail: r.althoff@stadt-duisburg.de http://www.koehler-osbahr-stiftung.de/sammlung.html ca. 1,250
Islamic, 6,000 Indian, 17,300 East Asian coinsLit.: Garver, Cornelia (ed.):
Sammlung Köhler-Osbahr I. Auswahlkatalog, Duisburg 1990. [general description
of the collection which includes African Asian and European art]. Cat.: Althoff, Ralf: Sammlung Köhler-Osbahr II/1. Vormünzliche Zahlungsmittel und außergewöhnliche Geldformen aus China, Annam, Korea und Japan, Duisburg 1993. -, Sammlung Köhler-Osbahr II/2. Vormünzliche Zahlungsmittel und außergewöhnliche Geldformen aus Südostasien, Afrika und anderen Teilen der Welt, Duisburg 1993. -, Sammlung Köhler-Osbahr
II/3. Vormünzliche Zahlungsmittel und außergewöhnliche Geldformen,
Siamesische Porzellantoken - Collection Köhler-Osbahr II/3. Primitive Currency and Extraordinary Kind of
Money, Siamese Porcelain-Tokens, Duisburg 1995. Althoff, Ralf - Mayer, Tobias: Sammlung Köhler-Osbahr V/3. Byzantinische Münzen und ihr Umfeld. Orientalische Münzen, Münzen der Kreuzfahrer und -staaten sowie der europäischen Nachbarn, Duisburg 2000.
Staatliches Münzkabinett Münchendirector: Prof. Dr. Bernhard Overbeck Residenzstrasse
1, D-80333 Munich tel. and
fax: +49 (89) 22722121, 299859 (fax) e-mail: smm.muenchen@t-online.de http://www.stmwfk.bayern.de/kunst/museen/muenz.html ca. 8,000
Oriental coins. It includes the collection Frédéric Soret (1795 - 1865; 4,010
coins, see also Oriental Coin Cabinet Jena) and Egon Beckenbauer (1913 -
1999; ca. 3,500). Lit.: Heidemann, Stefan: Obituary, Peter Jaeckel
(1914-1996). In: Oriental Numismatic Society Newsletter
152 (1997) 1-2. Heß, Wolfgang - Küthmann, Harald - Overbeck, Bernhard
- Szeiklies-Weber, Ingrid: Vom
Königlichen Kabinett zur Staatssammlung. Ausstellung zur Geschichte der Staatlichen
Münzsammlung München 7. 10.
1982 bis 9. 1. 1983, München 1982. [general history of the collection without
any reference to the Oriental part]. Jaeckel, Peter: Staatliche Münzsammlung, Orient. In: Münchner Jahrbuch der Bildenden Kunst
3. Folge 2 (1951) 253-254.
[collection Frédéric Soret]. Cat.: Many coins
were published in various arcticles by Frédéric Soret, see his bibliography
in Édouard Favre, Les Études Orientales
à la Société d'Histoire et d'Archéologie de Genève 1838-1894, Genf 1894,
as well Mayer (1954) 214-219 sub Soret. Collections between 1,000 and 5,000 Oriental Coins Münzsammlung - Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresdenacting
director: Dr. Rainer Grund Albertinum, Brühlsche Terrassen, Taschenberg 2, D-01067 Dresden tel. and
fax: +49 (351) 4914231, 4914233 (fax) e-mail: mk@skd.smwk.sachsen.de http://www.skd-dresden.de/de/museen/muenzkabinett.html Lit: Arnold, Paul: Osmanische Münzen aus dem Besitz der Kurfürsten von Sachsen. In: Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden/Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bonn (ed.): Im Lichte des Halbmonds. Das Abendland und der türkische Orient, Dresden 1995, 279-284. -, Die Sammlung der orientalischen Münzen des Münzkabinettes Dresden. In: Heidemann (2000) 17-26. Cat.: Krehl, Ludolf: De numis muhammedanis in Numophylacio Regio Dresdeni asservatis Commentatio, Leipzig 1856. -, Ueber einige muhammedanische Münzen des Königlichen Münz-Cabinets zu Dresden. In: ZDMG 12 (1858) 250-263. [collection Moritz Steinla].
Archäologisches Institut und Sammlung der Gipsabgüsseder Georg August-Universität Göttingen custodian: Dr.
Daniel Graepler Nikolausberger Weg 15, D-37073 Göttingen tel. and
fax: +49 (551) 39 7502, 39 7497; +49 (551) 39 2062 (fax) e-mail: dgraepl@gwdg.de Lit.: Bachmann, Peter: Der neue Bestand orientalischer Münzen der Universität Göttingen. In: Heidemann (2000) 83-86. Boehringer, Christof: Notizen zur Sammlung orientalischer Münzen der Universität Göttingen. In: Heidemann (2000) 61-70. Schwarz, Florian: Von der „Türkenbeute“ zur wissenschaftlichen Sammlung: Ein Überblick über die orientalischen Münzen der Universität Göttingen. In: Heidemann (2000) 71-81. Cat.: Nesselmann, Georg Heinrich Ferdinand: Nummorum orientalium, qui in Nummophylacio
Academio Regimontano asservantur. Definitio et Explicatio qua orationem pro
loco Professoris rite obtinendo die II. Nov. anni MDCCCXLVI h.l.q.c.,
Königsberg 1846. -, Die orientalischen Münzen des academischen Münzcabinets in Königsberg, Leipzig 1858. Thomas Christian Tychsen published several
articles about Oriental coin in Göttingen, see the bibliography in Boehringer
(2000) 66 and Mayer (1954) 240-241. Collection of the Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft in Halledirector
of the library of the DMG: Laila Guhlmann Mühlweg 15, D-06114 Halle tel. and e-mail: +49 (345) 5522043; guhlmann@bibliothek.uni-halle.de ca. 1,100
Oriental coins. It includes the collection Heinrich Leberecht Fleischer
(1801 - 1888). Lit. and Cat.:
Blau, Otto. In: ZDMG 13 (1859) 339-342; ZDMG 16 (1862) 606; ZDMG 18 (1864) 394. Erman, Adolf: III. Münzen. In: Katalog der Bibliothek der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft II. Handschriften, Inschriften, Münzen, Verschiedenes, Leipzig 1881, 55-81. Pertsch, Wilhelm: Verzeichnis der aus Fleischer's Nachlass der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft überkommenen Münzen. In: ZDMG 45 (1891) 292-294. [collection Heinrich Leberecht Fleischer].
Niedersächsisches Münzkabinett der Deutschen Bankc/o Niedersächsisches Landesmuseum Hannover – Urgeschichtsabteilung scientific
director: Dr. Reiner Cunz office:
Georgsplatz 20, D-30159 Hannover tel. and
fax: +49 (511) 3652577, 3652578, 3652359 (fax) e-mail: reiner.cunz@t-online.de ca. 2,000
Oriental coins, mostly Indian and East Asian copper coins. These were part of
the huge collection of Hermann Förster, Leipzig (d. 1905; which included the
copper coin collection Wilhelm Freudenthal, Braunschweig [d. 1883]). Lit.: Cunz, Reiner: Übersicht zur Struktur des Bestandes. In: Mitteilungen des Museumsverbundes Niedersachsen Bremen 31 (März 1987) 23-28. -, Numismatik zwischen Haushistoriographie und
fürstlicher Sammellust dargestellt am Beispiel der Geschichte des ehemaligen
Königlichen Münzkabinetts zu Hannover und seiner Betreuer 1745-1945
(Numismatische Studien 11), Hamburg 1996. [general history of the collection]. Universitätsbibliothek
Leipzig – Sondersammlungen
deputy
director and custodian: Dr. Christoph Mackert Beethovenplatz
6, D-04107 Leipzig tel. +49
(341) 9730509 e-mail: mackert@ub.uni-leipzig.de http://www.ub.uni-leipzig.de/sosa/sosabestm.html ca. 1,300
oriental Münzen, 500 East Asian coins. It includes the collection Ferdinand
von Reiboldt, Leipzig (d. about 1858) and Otto Blau, Odessa (1826 - 1879; 798
coins). Lit.: Heidemann,
Stefan: The Oriental Coin Collection of the University Library in
Leipzig/Saxony - An Important Collection of the 19th Century
Rediscovered. In: Oriental Numismatic
Society Newsletter 176 (2003) 2. -, Die orientalischen Münzen der Universitätsbibliothek in Leipzig - Eine Wiederentdeckung für die Forschung. In: Reiner Cunz (ed.) in Verbindung mit Rainer Polley und Andreas Röpcke: Fundamenta Historiae. Geschichte im Spiegel der Numismatik und ihrer Nachbarwissenschaften. Festschrift für Niklot Klüßendorf zum 60. Geburtstag am 10. Februar 2004 (Veröffentlichungen der urgeschichtlichen Sammlungen des Landesmuseums zu Hannover 51), Hannover 2004, 339-352. Heidemann, Stefan - Mackert, Christoph: Staatsbulletins auf Münzen. Numismatische Dokumente aus dem Orient stehen nach 60 Jahren wieder der Forschung zur Verfügung. In: Journal Universität Leipzig, Heft 7 (Dezember 2003) 39-41. Reiboldt, Ferdinand von: Kurze Uebersicht eines Münzkabinettes als Handschrift in Druck gegeben, Dresden 1844. Cat.: Blau, Otto - Stickel, Johann Gustav: Über einige muhammedanische Münzen. In: ZDMG 11 (1857) 443-459. Krehl, Ludolf: Nachträgliche Bemerkungen zu ”Blau und Stickel, über einige muhammedanische Münzen”. In: ZDMG 12 (1858) 263-268. Stickel, Johann Gustav: Über einige Muhammedanische Münzen. In: ZDMG 9 (1855) 249-255. -, Mittheilungen über die vom Hrn. Vicekanzler Dr. Blau in Konstantinopel dem Orientalisten-Verein zu Hamburg präsentirten muhammedanischen Münzen. In: ZDMG 10 (1856) 292-301.
Die Archäologische Sammlung der Universität Rostock – Münzkabinettdirector: Prof. Dr. Konrad ZimmermannUniversitätsstrasse 1, D-18051 Rostock tel. and
fax: +49 (381) 498 2782, 498 2787 (fax) e-mail: konrad.zimmermann@philfak.uni-rostock.de http://www.phf.uni-rostock.de/fkw/iaw/men_arch_Sammlung.html ca. 1,800
Oriental Coins. It includes the collection Carolus Aurivilius (at least 18
coins), Oluf Gerhard Tychsen (1734 - 1815), Johann Georg Christian Adler
(1756 - 1834; 53 coins). Lit.: Klüßendorf, Niklot: Rostock als Standort der orientalischen Numismatik. In: Heidemann (2000) 27-45. Zimmermann, Konrad: Inventare des Rostocker Akademischen Münzkabinetts. In: Heidemann (2000) 47-59. Cat.: Frähn, Christian Martin: Summarische Übersicht des orientalischen Münzkabinettes der Universität Rostock, und Anzeige der in demselben befindlichen unedirten oder vor andern bemerkenswewerthen Stücke. [introduction] In: Bulletin scientifique publié par L'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint Pétersbourg 10 (1842), cols 80-90. [Catalogue] in: Bulletin de la classe des sciences historiques, Philologiques et Politiques de l'Academie Imperiale des sciences de St. Pétersbourg 1 (1842), cols 1-32. Both parts printed separately: Das Orientalische Münzkabinet der grossherzoglichen Universität Rostock, in einer skitzirten Uebersicht und mit Aushebung der Merkwürdigkeiten desselben, St. Petersburg 1842.
Collections with less than 1,000 Oriental coins Universitätsbibliothek Erlangen - Handschriftenabteilung - Collection Will director:
Dr. Christina Hofmann-Randall Universitätsstrasse 4, D-91054 Erlangen tel. and e-mail: +49 (9131) 8522158; handschriften@bib.uni-erlangen.de ca. 550
Oriental and 700 East Asian coins mostly from the accession in 1916 of the
collection of Friedrich Will (d.
1922). Lit.: Zwicker, Ulrich: Keltische und griechische Münzen sowie römische Provinzialprägungen aus den Sammlungen Will und Gerlach (Schriften der Universitätsbibliothek Erlangen-Nürnberg 22), Erlangen 1992, v-viii [general description of the collection and its history]. Cat.: Zambaur, Eduard von: Die orientalischen Münzen der Sammlung Will in der Universitäts-Bibliothek Erlangen. In: Frankfurter Münzzeitung Neue Folge 2 (1931) 273-276, 294-296, plate 4.
Archäologisches Landesmuseum in der Stiftung Schleswig-Holsteinische Landesmuseen Schloss Gottorf director: Prof. Dr. Claus von Carnap-Bornheim Schloß Gottorf, D-24837 Schleswig tel. and
fax: +49 (4621) 813 300, 813 535
(fax) e-mail: info@schloss-gottorf.de ca. 800
Oriental coins, mostly from Viking-age hoards Lit. and Cat.:
Wiechmann, Ralf: Edelmetalldepots der Wikinkerzeit in Schleswig-Holstein. Vom “Ringbrecher“ zur Münzwirtschaft (Offa Bücher 77), Neumünster 1996.
Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte – Münzkabinettcustodian:
Dr. Ralf Wiechmann Holstenwall
24, D-20355 Hamburg tel. and
fax: +49 (40) 428412363, 428433103 (fax) e-mail: Ralf.Wiechmann@HamburgMuseum.Hamburg.de http://www.hamburgmuseum.de/d/htm_d/textversion/textvers.html Important Oriental collection which has disappeared Schloßmuseum Gotha – Münzkabinettdirector: Uta Wallenstein Post Box
100319, D-99853 Gotha tel.: +49
(3621) 823431 It comprised
more than 600 coins until 1934. It included the collection Johann Sigismund
von Haunold, Breslau (1634 - 1711), duplicates of the Asiatic Museum, St.
Petersburg (bought in 1823; 147 coins), coins from the Orient-expedition of
Ulrich Jasper Seetzen (1767 - 1811; about 150 coins), parts of the
collection von Sprewitz, Moskau (bought in 1831). The collection disappeared
after 1934, without any known record. At least sixty coins of the collection
were acquired by the Coin Cabinet in Berlin in 1935 (see above). Lit: Heidemann, Stefan: Die verschollene Gothaer Sammlung orientalischer Münzen. In: Heidemann (2000) 87-106. Lucke, Rolf-Günther: Geschichte des Münzkabinetts Gotha, unpublished PhD diss., Halle
1968. [a comprehensive
history of the collection however without any reference to the lost Oriental
part]. Pick, Behrendt: Das Gothaer Münzkabinett 1712-1912. In: Gothaische Heimatblätter 8 (1912) 1-13. [general history]. Steguweit, Wolfgang: Münzkabinett Gotha. In: Commission Internationale de Numismatique (ed.): Compte Rendu 30 (1983) 40-46. [general history]. Cat.: Möller, Johann Heinrich: De numis orientalibus in numophylacio Gothano asservatis commentatio prima. Numos chalifarum et dynastiarum cuficos exhibens, Gotha 1826. -, De numis orientalibus in numophylacio Gothano asservatis commentatio altera. Numos dynastiarum recentiores exhibens, Erfurt, Gotha 1831. Pertsch, Wilhelm: Zwei Merkwürdigkeiten der Herzoglichen Sammlungen in Gotha. Die Medaille des Awrangzêb. In: ZDMG 22 (1868) 282-285. [200-Rupi presentation coin].
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